Sem 2 - X - The nose - External (bones/cartilage/sensation), Conchae/meatus, paranasal sinuses, nerves/vessels, C.N V.1 Flashcards
What is the naris? What is the function of the nasalis and the levator labii superioris alequae nasi?
- The naris is another name for the nostrils
- The nasalis crosses the nose and curves around to the ala to help flare the nostrils
- The levator labii superioris alequae nasi helps to flare the nostrils and elevate the upper lib
The external nose structure is composed of cartilage and bone Which part of the nose is the bone involved in? Is the alar cartilage associated with the septum or nostrils?
The bony septum lies posterior to the septal cartilage The alar cartilage is associated with the nostrils
What is the blood supply to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity? (state what artery these branches come from)
Lateral wall
- Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries - from ophthalmic artery
- Sphenopalatine artery - from maxillary artery and greater palatine artery - from descending palatine branch of maxillary artery
- Lateral nasal branch of facial artery
What is the blood supply to the medial wall of the nasal cavity? (state what artery these branches come from)
Medial wall
- Anterior and posterior ethmoidal branches from the ophthalmic artery
- Sphenopalatine artery from the maxillary artery and greater palatine artery from the descending palatine artery branch of the maxillary artery
- Septal branch of the superior labial artery
What is the nerve supply to the external nose (sensation)? Upper half, lower half and alae
Nose - bony ridge CN V1 - infratrochlear and external nasal branch of anterior ethmoidal - both branches from nasociliary branch of CN V1
Nose - Alae CN V2 - nasal branches of infraorbital nerve
If we take away the cartilage parts of the external nose structure, we will meet the bony septum What forms the bony septum?
We have the nasal bone superiorly
Deep to the nasal bone lies the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone which the vomer bone attaches to inferiorly
Which structure inside the nose increases the surface area of the nasal cavity? There are also known as turbinates. Why is this?
This would be referring to the nasal conchae
There are known as turbinates as they create turbulence when the air enters the nose to help warm and filter the air that will enter the nasopharynx
How do the conchae allow for the air to warm when it becomes turbulent? How does it help with smell?
Due to the rich vascular supply to the conchae, this will help to warm the air in the nasal cavity The turbulence of the air will also allow air to hit the olfactory nerve endings in the olfacotry mucosa
What is the tube that equalizes the pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane by travelling from middle ear to lateral wall of the nasalopharynx?
The auditory tube connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx
- It equalizes pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane
- Also known as Eustachian tube or pharyngotympanic tube
There are three conchae; superior, middle and inferior Which is its own bone? What type of epithelium covers the conchae?
The superior and middle conhae are from the ethmoid bone The inferior concha is its own bone
The conchae are all covered by respiratory epithelium - pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
There are open spaces within bone known as sinuses What are the four paranasal sinuses?
- Frontal sinuses in the frontal bone
- Ethmoidal air cells - many small air cells rather than sinuses
- Maxillary sinuses in the maxilla
- Sphenoid sinuses in the body of sphenoid bone
What is the theorized function of the paranasal sinuses?
It is thought that the paransal sinuses may function to help reduce the weight of the skull or to acts as resonance chambers to increase the resonance of the voice
Posterior to the superior conchae is the sphenoethmoidal recess Inferior to each conchae is a meatus
What can the middle meatus be separated into? What is thought to create the bulge behind the middle conchae?
The middle meatus can be separated into the ethmoidal bulla and semilunar hiatus
- The bulge behind the middle conchae (the ethmoidal bulla) is thought to arise due to the presence of the posterior ethmoidal air cells
The anterior end of the semilunar hiatus curves upwards to form a channel
What is this channel known as and what does it continue as and what through?
The anterior end of the semilunar hiatus curves upwards to form a channel known as the ethmoidal infundibulum
- The ethmoidal infundibulum continues as the frontonasal duct which passes through the anterior ethmoidal air cells and into the frontal sinus
State where each of the paranasal sinuses drain into Is it direct drainage and if not, what allows the sinus to drain into the meatus?
- * The sphenoid sinus drains directly into the spheno-ethmoidal recess
- * The posterior ethmoidal air cells drain directly into the superior meatus
- * The middle ethmoidal air cells drain directly into the ethmoidal bulla
- * The anterior ethmoidal air cells and frontal sinuses drain via the ethmoidal infundibulum into the semilunar hiatus
- * The maxillary sinuses drain via the maxillary ostium into the semilunar hiatus
What drains into the inferior meatus?
The nasolcarimal duct drains into the inferior meatus
State where each of the paranasal sinuses drain into Is it direct drainage and if not, what allows the sinus to drain into the meatus? Where does the nasolacrimal duct drain?
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What is the nerve innervation to each of the sinuses? Try to name the specific nerve
CN V1
- Frontal sinus - supraorbital branch of frontal nerve
- Sphenoid sinus - posterior ethmoidal branch of nasociliary nerve
- Ethmoidal air cells - nasociliary nerve branch
CN V2
- Maxillary sinus - superior alveolar branch
RESTATE the blood supply to the lateral wall of the nose? (state what artery these branches come from)
Lateral wall
- Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries - from ophthalmic artery
- Sphenopalatine artery - from maxillary artery and greater palatine artery - from descending palatine branch of maxillary artery
- Lateral nasal branch of facial artery
RESTATE the blood supply to the medialwall of the nose? (state what artery these branches come from) What is the anastamostic area in the medial wall of the nasal cavity known as?
Medial wall
- Anterior and posterior ethmoidal branches from the ophthalmic artery
- Sphenopalatine artery from the maxillary artery and greater palatine artery from the descending palatine artery branch of the maxillary artery
- Septal branch of the superior labial artery
The anastamotic area is known as Kiesselbach’s area
What is the nerve supply to the nasal cavity?
Upper half CN V1 - anterior ethmoidal branch of the nasoliciary nerve
Lower half CN V2 nasopalatine branches
Vestibulae Internal nasal branch of infraorbital nerve
Venous drainage ofnose can be a potential route of infection How do the olfactory nerves enter the skull? and how does it travel to the primary olfactory cortex? Where is the primary olfactory cortex?
The olfactory nerves originate in the olfactory mucosa and pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone to synapse in the olfactory bulb
The olfactory tracts then travel back to the primary olfactory cortex located in the prepiriform area of amygdala
