Sem 2 - week 2 Flashcards
What is the main difference between ser and estar?
Ser describes inherent, permanent characteristics (identity, nationality, time, profession). Estar focuses on temporary conditions or states (mood, location, actions in progress).
When is ser used?
For identity (“Soy Ana”), profession (“Ella es médica”), origin (“Somos de España”), and time (“Son las tres”).
When is estar used?
For location (“Estoy en casa”), mood (“Estoy feliz”), physical state (“Está cansado”), and ongoing actions (“Está estudiando”).
Fill in the blank: Camilo ___ colombiano.
“es” (Ser is used for nationality.)
Fill in the blank: La tienda ___ cerrada hoy.
“está” (Estar is used for temporary states.)
What does ser aburrido mean vs. estar aburrido?
Ser aburrido: a boring person. Estar aburrido: feeling bored.
What does ser rico mean vs. estar rico?
Ser rico: wealthy. Estar rico: delicious.
Fill in the blank: ¿Dónde ___ las llaves?
“están” (Estar is used for location.)
Fill in the blank: Pedro ___ viendo la televisión.
(present participle)
“está” (Estar is used for actions in progress.)
Fill in the blank: La película ___ a las 20:00 en el cine.
“es” (Ser is used for scheduled events.)
Fill in the blank: Hoy ___ viernes.
“es” (Ser is used for dates and days of the week.)
What does ser bueno mean vs. estar bueno?
Ser bueno: morally good or high quality
Estar bueno: tastes good, is attractive, or healthy
What does ser malo mean vs. estar malo?
Ser malo: morally bad or poor quality
Estar malo: feeling unwell or food being spoiled.
How do adjectives change meaning with ser vs. estar?
listo
ser listo (clever) vs. estar listo (ready).
Mario is acting very nice today
“Mario está muy simpático hoy.”
Fill in the blank: La sopa ___ deliciosa.
“está” (Estar for temporary states like taste.)
Translate: “Juan is quiet” using both ser and estar.
“Juan es callado” (quiet by nature)
“Juan está callado” (quiet right now).
Opposite of perezoso/a?
“trabajador/a.”
Opposite of sociable?
“tímido/a.”
How do you say: “You must wear a mask”?
“Hay que usar mascarilla.”
“You are not allowed to run in the hallways”?
imperative
“No se puede correr por los pasillos.”
To enter the pool, you must wear a swim cap.
hay que
Para entrar a la piscina, hay que llevar gorro de baño.
What does hay que express?
General obligation, applicable to everyone (e.g., “Hay que respetar las normas.”).
What does no se puede express?
Prohibition (e.g., “No se puede tocar las pinturas en el museo.”).
Fill in the blank: “In class, ___ prestar atención.”
“hay que” (expressing general obligation).
Translate: “contento/a.”
Happy
Translate: “enamorado/a.”
“In love.”
Translate: “asustado/a.”
Scared
Translate: “triste.”
“Sad.”
Translate: “nervioso/a.”
Nervous
Translate: “tranquilo/a.”
Calm
Translate: “egoísta.”
Selfish
Translate: “cariñoso/a.”
Affectionate
Describe a situation where you might feel “agobiado/a.”
“When you have too much work and not enough time to finish it.”
Fill in the blank: Después del examen, me siento ___.
Possible answers: “relajado/a,” “cansado/a,” or “contento/a.”
Fill in the blank: Antes de mi presentación, estaba muy ___.
nervioso
Translate: “My friend is very generous.”
“Mi amigo/a es muy generoso/a.”
Translate: “They are disorganized today.”
“Ellos están desordenados hoy.”
How do you say: “I have studied today” in Spanish?
“Hoy he estudiado.”
Conjugate comer in the pretérito perfecto for “nosotros.”
“Hemos comido.”
Fill in the blank: Este fin de semana, ellos ___ ido al cine.
“han” (Ellos han ido al cine.)
Translate: “She has written a letter to her friend.”
“Ella ha escrito una carta a su amiga.”
Translate: “Have you ever visited Spain?”
“¿Alguna vez has visitado España?”
Fill in the blank: “Yo nunca ___ viajado a Japón.”
“he” (Yo nunca he viajado a Japón.)
Fill in the blank: “Nosotros ___ visto esa película antes.”
“hemos” (Nosotros hemos visto esa película antes.)
