Non experimental-Self Reports Flashcards
What is meant by a self report technique?
Any method where a person is asked to describe their own feelings, opinions and behaviours on a topic
What is a questionnaire?
A set of pre written questions asking participants about their thoughts and feelings
What are the 2 styles of questionnaires?
Open
Closed
What are open questions?
No restriction on how to answer, ppt will answer in their own words
What type of data do open questions produce?
qualitative- detailed, harder to analyse
What are closed questions?
Limited set of answers (yes or no, tick, rating)
What type of data do closed questions produce
Quantitative- lacks depth, easy to analyse
What are the 3 types of closed questions?
Liket scale
Rating scale
Fixed choice
What are liket scale questions?
measure level of agreement to a statement
What are rating scale questions?
Giving a numerical rating to a statement
What are fixed choice questions?
Ppt choose from a range of options
What is a strength of using open questions?
Provides full in depth detail
What’s a limitation of using open questions?
Difficult to compare one answer to another
What’s a strength of using closed questions?
Allow comparisons to be made between answers easily
What’s a limitation of using closed questions?
PPT are unable to answer how they want
What are 2 strengths of using questionnaires?
they’re cost effective as data can be collected cheaply (Eg. Digitally)
If closed questions the data can be easily analysed and comparisons between groups can be made
What is a limitation of using questionnaires?
Response bias- type of people who answer the questionnaire so may be unrepresentative
Self insight- people believe they’re better than they are so answer dishonestly
What is social desirability bias?
A type of demand characteristic where ppt want to portray the self or be viewed in a positive way
What is meant by acquiescence bias in self report studies?
Where ppt are more likely to blindly agree than blindly disagree with information
What is an interview?
A live encounter where an interviewer asks a set of questions to a single ppt about their thoughts on a topic
Explain why using interviews rather than questionnaires may be a better method for some types of research?
Because the interviewee is able to ask follow up questions which isnt as easy in questionairres
What is an unstructured interview?
Where the interviewer guides choice of topic and has an idea of what they want to find out with no list of pre determined questions
What is a strength and limitation of unstructured interviews?
A- provides rich data as interviewer can ask follow up gain more detailed answers
D- it’s hard to make comparisons between answers as not all ppt are asked the same questions
What is a semi structured interview?
List of questions that have been set in advance in an expected order but there’s freedom to ask follow up questions
What is a structured interview?
A list of pre determined questions that make up the interview
What is a strength and limitation of structured interviews?
A- Easy to replicate and compare answers as a standardised format is used
D- Interviewee cannot ask follow up questions so cannot find in depth infomation
Suggest how investigator bias may be reduced in interviews
Standardise all questions and have independent researchers carry out the interview rather than the main researcher
What 4 things should interviewers avoid in questionnaires and interviews?
Over use of jargon (specialised lang)
Use of emotive language
Double barrelled questions
Leading questions
