Non experimental-Self Reports

Question 1

What is meant by a self report technique?

Answer 1

Any method where a person is asked to describe their own feelings, opinions and behaviours on a topic

Question 2

What is a questionnaire?

Answer 2

A set of pre written questions asking participants about their thoughts and feelings

Question 3

What are the 2 styles of questionnaires?

Answer 3

Open
Closed

Question 4

What are open questions?

Answer 4

No restriction on how to answer, ppt will answer in their own words

Question 5

What type of data do open questions produce?

Answer 5

qualitative- detailed, harder to analyse

Question 6

What are closed questions?

Answer 6

Limited set of answers (yes or no, tick, rating)

Question 7

What type of data do closed questions produce

Answer 7

Quantitative- lacks depth, easy to analyse

Question 8

What are the 3 types of closed questions?

Answer 8

Liket scale
Rating scale
Fixed choice

Question 9

What are liket scale questions?

Answer 9

measure level of agreement to a statement

Question 10

What are rating scale questions?

Answer 10

Giving a numerical rating to a statement

Question 11

What are fixed choice questions?

Answer 11

Ppt choose from a range of options

Question 12

What is a strength of using open questions?

Answer 12

Provides full in depth detail

Question 13

What’s a limitation of using open questions?

Answer 13

Difficult to compare one answer to another

Question 14

What’s a strength of using closed questions?

Answer 14

Allow comparisons to be made between answers easily

Question 15

What’s a limitation of using closed questions?

Answer 15

PPT are unable to answer how they want

Question 16

What are 2 strengths of using questionnaires?

Answer 16

they’re cost effective as data can be collected cheaply (Eg. Digitally)

If closed questions the data can be easily analysed and comparisons between groups can be made

Question 17

What is a limitation of using questionnaires?

Answer 17

Response bias- type of people who answer the questionnaire so may be unrepresentative
Self insight- people believe they’re better than they are so answer dishonestly

Question 18

What is social desirability bias?

Answer 18

A type of demand characteristic where ppt want to portray the self or be viewed in a positive way

Question 19

What is meant by acquiescence bias in self report studies?

Answer 19

Where ppt are more likely to blindly agree than blindly disagree with information

Question 20

What is an interview?

Answer 20

A live encounter where an interviewer asks a set of questions to a single ppt about their thoughts on a topic

Question 21

Explain why using interviews rather than questionnaires may be a better method for some types of research?

Answer 21

Because the interviewee is able to ask follow up questions which isnt as easy in questionairres

Question 22

What is an unstructured interview?

Answer 22

Where the interviewer guides choice of topic and has an idea of what they want to find out with no list of pre determined questions

Question 23

What is a strength and limitation of unstructured interviews?

Answer 23

A- provides rich data as interviewer can ask follow up gain more detailed answers
D- it’s hard to make comparisons between answers as not all ppt are asked the same questions

Question 24

What is a semi structured interview?

Answer 24

List of questions that have been set in advance in an expected order but there’s freedom to ask follow up questions

Question 25

What is a structured interview?

Answer 25

A list of pre determined questions that make up the interview

Question 26

What is a strength and limitation of structured interviews?

Answer 26

A- Easy to replicate and compare answers as a standardised format is used
D- Interviewee cannot ask follow up questions so cannot find in depth infomation

Question 27

Suggest how investigator bias may be reduced in interviews

Answer 27

Standardise all questions and have independent researchers carry out the interview rather than the main researcher

Question 28

What 4 things should interviewers avoid in questionnaires and interviews?

Answer 28

Over use of jargon (specialised lang)
Use of emotive language
Double barrelled questions
Leading questions