Self Repo Techiques Flashcards
What is a self report techniques
The ptp reveals personal information about themselves in response to a series of questions
Define Interview
Is a set of written questions design to collect information about a topic
Define a interview
Dat is collected through a face - face real time interactions with another individual
Define open question
Produces qualitative data allows ptp to answer in any way they choose
Define closed question
Produces quantitive data, limit ppts response t a few fixed responses
Example of a closed question
Do u like x yes or no
Example open question
What do u think about x
Strengths of open question
- more valid response, as ppts have freedom to choose their response
Weaknesses of open questions
Qualitative data makes data analysis more difficult , harder to spot patterns
Strength of closed questions
- easy to analysis, easier to spot patterns
Weaknesses of closed questions
Lack validity, as responses are fixed and limited
What do u have to take into account when designing interviews and questionnaires
- avoiding complex terminology
- rewording questions
- leading questions
- piloting questions
- filer questions
avoiding complex terminology
- ppts may not understand terms used and feel embarrassed to ask for an explanation or unable to, response may be inaccurate and therefor not valid
Rewording questions
Using a skilled interviewer means questions that ppts don’t understand can be reworded, done in a way that does not change question to ensure can be response can be compared to other ptps
Leading questions
- bias the response in one direction
- avid this should be written in a way that does not suggest a correct way of responding
Piloting questions
- running a small scale interview or questionnaire can identify questions that are confusing, give away the aim, don’t produce detailed useful response
- can be changed before the larger scale study
Filer questions
-questions not linked to the aim
- can be adde to build up rappor
- can be used a red herring to help hide the research aim reducing demand characteristics
Structured interviews
The interviewers reads out a list of prepared questions as they are written
Strengths of structured interviews
- interviews des not have to be highly trained
- easy to compare as same standardised questions are used
Weaknesses of structured interviews
Less detailed responses, as answer cannot be as followed up with additional questions to provide more detail
Unstructured interviews
No set list of questions an open conversation about a topic
Strengths of unstructured interviews
- easy to build rappor, ppts feel more comfortable to ns we questions
- increased validity
Weaknesses of unstructured interviews
- high trained interviewer
- comparison difficult as as every interview is different
Semi structured interviews
Combination of prepared interviews with ability to ask additional qs
Strengths of semi strutted interviews
- increases validity, as rappor more Likley as ppt feel more comfortable
- easy to compare as standardised questions used
- interview able to ask follow up questions leading to increase in detail
Weaknesses of semi structured interview
- highly trained interviewer needs to think of approved follow up questions to ask
Advantages of self report techniques
- standardised questions mens they are easy to replicate
- closed question allow for easy data analysis
- open question allows ptp to freely report there experiences leading to increased detail
Weaknesses of self report techniques
- researcher bias, researcher interprets response to open questions in a way there confirm the hypothesis
- investigator bias, personal characteristics of the interviewer, or bod language used by interview influences response of ptps
-demand characteristic, ptp works out aim they respond in a way that they think the researcher wants - social desirability bias, ptps reposed in a ay that makes them look good in front of the researcher
Strengths of a Questionnaire
- don’t require trained interviewer, collecting data cheap and easy
- when using closed questionnaires easy to compare responses
Weaknesses of questionnaire
- cannot rephrase question that ppts cannot understand
- often not taken serious lead to acquiesce bias, ppt responding yes to everything
Strengths of interviews
- an rephrase questions that are difficult to understand
- can build to rapport making it more likely the ppts will take interview more seriously increasing validity
Weaknesses of interviews
- requires a trained interview which can be costly
- interviewer effects, personal characteristics of interview can alter ptps response
