Self and Self-Esteem Flashcards
What does the independent (individualist) view of self look like?
Most valued traits are within self; self is contained; easy to move from in-group to-out group (or visa versa)
What does the interdependent (collectivist) view of self look like?
Most valued traits are in relationships; self intersects with others; hard to move from in-group to out-group (or visa versa)
How do individualists and collectivists view self-characteristics across situations?
Individualist - constant view of self; Collectivist - dynamic/changing view of self (situation dependent)
What was the findings of the brain activations when thinking of self vs mother study?
collectivists activate same spot when thinking of self vs mother; individualists activated different spots
Is Rosenberg’s self esteem scale universal?
No - collectivists tend to score very low even if high self-esteem
What is self esteem correlated with?
High SE correlated with perceived success on SE-relevant tasks (e.g. intelligence); NOT correlated with actual success
What biases do we use to maintain SE?
Attentional, encoding, recall biases -pay attention/remember things that increase SE
Self-serving attribution bias - self credit for successes, other factors fault for failures
What biases do we use to cope with failure?
Compensatory self enhancement - focus on something else you did well on
Discounting - dismissing failure (it doesn’t matter)
What is positivity bias?
Unrealistic positive view of self
What is unrealistic optimism/just world hypothesis?
Good things happen to good people; bad things can’t happen to me because i’m a good person
What is basking in reflective glory?
Enjoy associating with successful people and dissociating from losers
What was the result of the football study on group identification and SE?
People MUCH more likely to say “we won” and “they lost” if SE is damaged; less likely to if SE is boosted
Difference between upwards and downwards social comparisons?
Upwards - they’re better than me
Downwards - I’m better than them
What is Tesser’s SE maintenance model?
BIRG if close relationship and low SE relevant task OR if distant relationship and high SE relevant task
Upwards comparison if close relationship and high SE relevant task
Don’t care if distant relationship and low SE relevant task
What is self-handicapping?
Hindering ability to perform well if you think that you’re gonna fail (e.g. more likely to choose drug that inhibits performance if doing hard task)
