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2C03 - Social Psychology > Attraction > Flashcards

Attraction Flashcards

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1
Q

What is parental investment theory?

A

men and women have different motivations and strategies for sex

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2
Q

How are men opportunists?

A
  • reproduction is cheap
  • goal is to have as many children as possible
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3
Q

How are women choosy?

A
  • reproduction is expensive
  • goal is to have highest quality children
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4
Q

What were the differences in gender for the questions: “how long do you need to know someone before having sex” and “how many partners do you want in ___ amount of time”

A
  • men need less time before having sex
  • men want more partners in same amount of time
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5
Q

What was the methods and results of the date/apartment/sex experiment?

A
  • attractive researcher approached opposite sex
  • asks if they would like to go on a date, back to their apartment or have sex
  • date had equal acceptance rate
  • men more likely to say yes to apartment and sex than women
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6
Q

What are women looking for in a partner?

A
  • committed (stick around for offspring)
  • has resources
  • big, strong, athletic, attractive (better genes)
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7
Q

What are men looking for in a partner?

A
  • attractiveness (more important to men than women)
  • sexually faithful (mama’s baby, papa’s maybe)
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8
Q

What is the reward model of attraction?

A
  • more intimate relationship if person gives more rewards to us
  • if rewards stop, love fades
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9
Q

How can someone be rewarding?

A
  1. propinquity (physically close by)
  2. familiarity
  3. similarity
  4. attractiveness (up to a point)
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10
Q

What is the pratfall effect?

A

when perfect person does little goof, becomes more attractive/likeable
(stops upwards comparison)

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11
Q

What is the pratfall experiment method and findings?

A
  • listen to person in trivia show then interview
  • person either competent/qualified or not
  • person either spills coffee during interview or not
  • competent/qualified: becomes more attractive if spills coffee
  • incompetent/unqualified: becomes less attractive if spills coffee
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12
Q

What is the evolutionary perspective on love?

A

function to keep people together so they reproduce

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13
Q

What is the 2 factor theory of love?

A

think we are in love when we have increased arousal around a hot person

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14
Q

What was the field experiment method testing the 2 factor theory of love?

A
  • approach man after scary bridge or safe bridge
  • attractive man or woman asks them to participate in research
  • shown image of couple eating dinner and asked to make a story about picture
  • research assistant gives number for “follow up questions”
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15
Q

What was the findings of the field experiment testing the 2 factor theory of love?

A
  • low arousal: woman got more sexual stories; man and woman same number of phone calls
  • high arousal: woman got MUCH more sexual stories; woman MUCH more likely to receive phone call
  • need high arousal and explanation to think you’re “in love”
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16
Q

What is response facilitation theory?

A

when aroused, dominant response is emphasized

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17
Q

What was the experimental method on response facilitation theory?

A
  • participant runs for 30 seconds or 2 mins
  • watch dating video with attractive or unattractive woman
  • participants rate woman’s attractiveness
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18
Q

What was the findings of the response facilitation theory experiment? Why doesn’t it support 2 factor theory of love?

A
  • when aroused, attractive woman becomes more attractive and unattractive woman becomes more unattractive
  • don’t normally become incredibly aroused by unattractive person
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19
Q

What is the need for affiliation?

A

desire to establish and maintain rewarding relationships

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20
Q

When do we feel the need to affiliate?

A
  • stress (if others reduce impact of stressful situation e.g. by knowing info)
  • when we’re lonely
  • if lack of power/influence
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21
Q

How do shy people’s brains react to images of strangers?

A

greater activation of amygdala

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22
Q

What are shy people’s view of social interactions?

A
  • negative self-evaluations
  • assume they’ll fail interactions
  • blame self if they have bad interaction
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23
Q

What is intimate loneliness?

A

want but doesn’t have person to rely on for emotional support

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24
Q

What is relational loneliness?

A

wants but lacks friendship from school/work/family

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25
Q

What is collective loneliness?

A

wants but lacks remote relationships and groups we belong to

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26
Q

How does loneliness and culture intersect?

A
  • collectivists higher risk for loneliness
  • in individualist culture, people with collectivist orientation are less lonely
27
Q

What is the mere exposure effect?

A

more people are exposed to a stimulus, more they like the stimulus

28
Q

What is the group attractiveness effect?

A
  • perceived physical attractiveness of group is greater than average attractiveness of members
  • spend more time looking at attractive people
29
Q

What are universal indicators of attractiveness?

A
  • nice facial expression
  • youthful
  • average faces
  • symmetrical faces
30
Q

How can situation increase attractiveness?

A
  • nicer people are more attractive
  • men rate photos as more attractive if red background
31
Q

What is the what is beautiful is good stereotype?

A

belief that physically attractive people have desirable personality characteristics

32
Q

Do attractive people have higher SE?

A

no

33
Q

Why are attractive people often insecure?

A
  • don’t know if praise is for skills or good looks
  • high pressure to maintain good looks
  • no relationship between attractiveness and happiness
34
Q

What are the 4 types of similarity?

A
  1. demographics
  2. attitudes
  3. physical attractiveness level
  4. subjective experience/rxns to events
35
Q

Do we like people who like us?

A
  • yes
  • like people even more if they originally don’t like us and then do
36
Q

What is the hard to get effect?

A

tendency to prefer people who are reasonably selective in social choices over those who are readily available
- especially if hard to get person because of factors outside of their control (e.g. parents) because of reactance

37
Q

What is conspicuous consumption?

A

men flaunt resources to attract women
- more likely if competition is high for mates

38
Q

When does each gender want to say I love you? Why?

A
  • men prefer pre-sex (indicates relationship may move to be sexual)
  • women prefer post-sex (indicates long-term commitment)
39
Q

What types of jealousy are the genders most affected by?

A
  • men: sexual jealous
  • women: emotional jealousy
40
Q

What is a culture of multiple fathers?

A
  • all men who have sex with pregnant lady is contributing to offspring
  • women get more resources from multiple men if sleeping around
41
Q

What are the 3 components of intimate relationships?

A
  1. feels of attachment/affection/love
  2. fulfillment of psychological needs
  3. interdependence (each partner has meaningful influence on the other)
42
Q

What is the stimulus value role theory?

A
  1. stimulus stage - attraction sparked by external attractiveness
  2. value stage - attachment based on similarity of values/beliefs
  3. role stage - commitment based on enactment of roles
43
Q

What is social exchange theory?

A

people are motivated to maximize benefits and minimize costs in relationship

44
Q

What is comparison level?

A

expectations for how rewarding relationship will be

45
Q

What is a investment?

A

person puts something into relationship that can NOT be recovered if relationship ends

46
Q

What is equity theory?

A

want own benefits/own costs to equal partners benefits/partners costs

47
Q

What is the trust insurance system? What are its 3 steps?

A

unconsciously keep record of costs and gains and try to keep them equal to partner
1. feeling not good enough for partner, make sacrifices/do favours for them
2. after making sacrifices, feel less inferior
3. benefitting partner expressed fewer doubts about relationship afterwards

48
Q

What is the equilibrium model of relationship maintence?

A

motivated to preserve important relationships by detecting declines in commitment/satisfaction

49
Q

What is a secure attachment style?

A
  • believe in love
  • satisfying, enduring and trusting relationships
  • baby distressed when mom leaves and happy when she returns
50
Q

What is an avoidant attachment style?

A
  • thinks love must fade
  • fear intimacy
  • no rxn to mom leaving or returning
  • lowest in young adults and peaks at middle age
51
Q

What is an anxious attachment style?

A
  • more jealous and obsessive in relationships
  • very emotional rollercoaster of love life
  • cling/cry when mom leaves but angry/apathetic when she returns
  • highest in young adults and declines with age
52
Q

What are the 3 primary love styles?

A
  1. eros - erotic
  2. ludus - uncommited/game-playing love
  3. storge - friendship
53
Q

What are the 3 secondary love styles?

A
  1. mania - demanding/possessive love
  2. pragma - pragmatic love
  3. agape - other-oriented/altruistic love
54
Q

What is the triangle of love?

A
  • 8 subtypes of love derived from 3 components: intimacy (emotional), passion (motivational) and commitment (cognitive)
    1. liking - intimacy
    2. companionate love - intimacy and commitment
    3. empty love - commitment
    4. fatuous love - passion and commitment
    5. infatuation - passion
    6. romantic - intimacy and passion
    7. consummate love - passion, commitment and intimacy
    8. absent - no components
55
Q

What is passionate love? (i.e. love)

A

high arousal, intense attraction and fear of rejection

56
Q

What is companionate love? (i.e. like)

A

secure, trusting and stable partnership

57
Q

What is social penetration theory?

A

relationships progress from superficial to intimate exchanges

58
Q

What is social learning theory for gayness?

A

become gay from rewarding experiences with same-sex peers in childhood

59
Q

What is erotic plasticity? Which gender has more of it?

A
  • how easily aroused by person you aren’t attracted to
  • higher in women (aroused by both men and woman regardless of orientation)
60
Q

What is negative affect reciprocity?

A

partner’s negative display of emotion causes other partner to display negative emotion back to them

61
Q

What is demand/withdraw interaction?

A

one partner wants to talk about problems and other wants to avoid discussing them

62
Q

What is relationship enhancing attributions?

A

see partner’s undesirable behaviours as situational, temporary and limited to specific thing

63
Q

What is the satisfaction trend in divorces?

A
  • less and less satisfied before divorce
  • satisfaction increases after divorce
  • satisfaction never as high as before
64
Q

What is ironic with relationships that satisfy needs?

A

more devastating/issues coping if it ends

2C03 - Social Psychology (11 decks)

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