Self Flashcards
I-self (and when it develops)
Ability to think about ourselves. Around 3 months
Me-self (and when it develops)
Sum of what a person knows/believes about themselves. Can include other’s opinions. Around 15 months
Preschool self concept
Understand what “I” means and that anyone can be an “I”
How do preschool kids describe themselves
Tangible activities/preferences/ characteristics
How of middle-late childhood kids describe themselves?
Use emotions, comparison to others, more realistic
How do adolescents describe themselves
Complex, abstract, integrated
How does cognitive development interact with self concept (2)
- Increased ability to think logically/abstractly allows for more realistic description of self
- Need ability to understand multiple POVs to synthesize single concept
Looking glass self
Learn to know ourselves by interacting with others and observing and interpreting their responses to us
Generalized “other”
Extract general sense of others/what they think of us from summary of ways people have responded to us
Adolescent egocentrism
Think about own thoughts, consider others may be thinking about them. Leads to either self-absorption or self consciousness, which leads to egocentric thinking
Imaginary audience
Belief that everyone is watching/judging them all the time
Personal fable
Belief that one’s thoughts/feelings/ experiences are unique (misinterpretation of new experiences being new to the human species cause teenagers are dramatic)
Illusion of invulnerability
Belief in uniqueness (misfortune only happens to others I’ll be fine)
What did Erikson focus on when talking about identity crisis
Unconscious identification with parents’ personalities/beliefs/ views of self/values
James Marcia 4 types of identity outcomes
Identity achievement, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, identity diffusion
Ethnocultural identity
People from similar cultural backgrounds show similar patterns of attitudes and behaviours
How do adolescents from minority culture see relationships
in terms of who belongs to higher status groups
How can being an adolescent in minority culture impact possible self
Everyone in higher power positions is usually majority group
Why does being bicultural give you the best developmental outcomes>
Identify with both cultures -> sense of belonging
What is the average Canadian youth’s score on the Rosenburg scale of SE
29
What is most influential on adolescent self esteem
Appearance
What is the pattern of self-esteem levels?
Preschool: Highest
Elementary: Initial drop and then stabilizes
High school: drops again and then stabilizes
Why are African and Hispanic children lowest in SE in elementary but highest in high school?
They complete their bicultural identities and take pride in their cultural identities
3 sources of self-esteem
Actual competence, hereditary, other’s evaluations
How did types of praise impact subsequent harder math scores?
Intelligence based praise -> worse performance (became pressure), effort based praise ->tried more questions because they had confidence
What are children with low self esteem at risk of developing?
depression
How does low SE impact socialization
Withdraw from social activities -> less practice -> more isolated
What 2 factors create a negative cycle between socializing and low SE
- less practice -> more isolation
- internalize low self worth after neg social encounters
What are Selman’s 5 stages?
- Undifferentiated
- Social-informational
- Self-reflective
- Third person
- Societal
Undifferentiated stage
confusion between own thoughts/feelings and those of others (3-6 yrs)
Social information stage
Understanding others can have different thoughts/knowledge (4-9 yr)
Self-reflective stage
Ability to view things from other people’s perspectives (7-12)
Third person stage
View immediate situation from third party perspective (10-15 yrs)
Societal stage
Recognition that broader personal/social/ cultural aspects influence perspective of self and others (14+ yrs)
Children with what features will be better at perspective-taking
Language skills and greater cognitive ability
How does descriptions of others evolve?
Concrete descriptions -> observable psychological traits -> abstract traits
