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PSYCH 2AA3 > 3 - Physical > Flashcards

3 - Physical Flashcards

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1
Q

How does Nicotine impact fetuses?

A

Constricts blood vessels -> decreases oxygen flow and nutrients to fetus

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2
Q

What does nicotine use during pregnancy increase the risk of?

A
  • Miscarriage
  • Premature birth
  • Developmental impacts
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3
Q

What are the 5 categories of the APGAR scale

A

Appearance (body colour)
Pulse
Grimace (reflex irritability)
Activity (muscle tone)
Respiration

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4
Q

What does 7-10 on the APGAR scale mean?

A

Baby is big chilling

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5
Q

What does 4-6 on the APGAR scale mean?

A

Moderately abnormal, potential developmental risk

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6
Q

What does 0-3 on the APGAR scale mean?

A

Baby may not survive, potential decreased blood flow/oxygen to the brain

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7
Q

Limitations of APGAR

A
  • Only one point in time
  • Sedation/anesthesia may impact baby’s reaction
  • Tone/colour/reflex is subjective
  • Partially depends on gestational age
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8
Q

Grasping reflex

A

Hand grasp when touched

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9
Q

Babinski reflex

A

Moving up and spreading out of toes in response to touch along foot

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10
Q

Stepping reflex

A

Legs move automatically when feet feel solid surface

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11
Q

Rooting reflex

A

Touch to corner of mouth -> turning of head towards source

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12
Q

Moro startle reflex

A

Feeling of falling -> arms outstretched, palms up, thumb flexed

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13
Q

Newborn imitation

A

Mimicking of facial expressions, likely to establish emotional bonds with caregivers

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14
Q

How often to newborns cry per day?

A

2-3 hours

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15
Q

“Basic” cry & what it signifies

A

Starts softly, gradually intensifies
Signifies hunger/fatigue/discomfort

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16
Q

“Mad” cry

A

Intense crying, needs not met quickly

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17
Q

“Pain” cry

A

Sudden long shriek followed by pause, gasp, then more crying

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18
Q

What age should you begin letting baby cry and learn to self-soothe?

A

3 months

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19
Q

How fast does damage occur in shaken baby syndrome?

A

5 seconds

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20
Q

What is shaken baby syndrome?

A

Head trauma sustained by rough shaking, brain hits skull -> bleeding/bruising/swelling -> lack of O2 -> brain damage

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21
Q

What is considered a preterm baby

A

under 37 weeks

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22
Q

What is a low birth weight in a newborn?

A

Under 2500g

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23
Q

What can cause LBW

A
  • Teen mothers
  • Medical issues
  • Drug use
  • Mental illnesses
  • Poor access to prenatal care
24
Q

Kangaroo care

A

Infant in only diaper is held skin-to-skin against mother’s breast under her clothing

25
Q

Benefits of kangaroo care

A

Babies have regular HR and better sleep, mothers have better lactation

26
Q

Impacts of massage therapy

A

Reduced stress behaviour in babies (crying, grimacing, startling)

27
Q

Preterm/LBW have an impact on

A

Memory (decreased hippocampal volume)

28
Q

What are some immediate symptoms of shaken baby syndrome?

A

Bruising, seizure, decreased consciousness, respiratory difficulty

29
Q

What are some lasting symptoms of shaken baby syndrome?

A

Cognitive issues, visual impairment, intellectual deficits

30
Q

Cephalocaudal pattern

A

Fastest growth occurs at top and then moves down

31
Q

Differences in height/weight as children grow depend on ___ (3)

A

Genetics, environmental factors, nutrition

32
Q

What causes individual differences in puberty onset/progression?

A

Nutrition, body fat, exercise

33
Q

What causes timing of puberty?

A

Genetics and environmental factors

34
Q

What 3 brain structures control puberty?

A

Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, gonands

35
Q

Do hormones = behaviour?

A

NO, predisposition and societal factors >

36
Q

Why do girls have more body issues during puberty?

A

Causes more fat storage

37
Q

What are the evocative genetic effects caused by early onset of puberty (girls)

A

Smoking, drinking, depression, EDs, delinquent behaviour

38
Q

Neuronal activation patterns/synapse plasticity is strongest in

A

early development

39
Q

How does the brain accommodate to a lesion/loss in one part of the brain at a young age?

A

Rewires brain

40
Q

What happens if there is a lesion/loss in the stronger side of the brain (for the task)

A

Weaker side also experiences loss/reduction

41
Q

True or false, all areas of the brain develop synaptic density at the same rate

A

False

42
Q

Why is the thickening of corpus callousum during adolescence beneficial?

A

Better communication between hemispheres

43
Q

Why do adolescents act based on emotion?

A

Amygdala matures before prefrontal cortex

44
Q

Do high IQ or low IQ brains go through the most change from childhood to adolescence

A

High IQ

45
Q

Why does cortical thickness change during prenatal development?

A

Formation of neurons/dendrites/synapses

46
Q

Why does cortical thickness change during childhood/adolescence?

A

Proliferation of myelination (thickening)

47
Q

Why does cortical thickness change during adolescence?

A

Usage-dependent pruning of synapses (thinning)

48
Q

When is the most REM sleep needed?

A

Infancy

49
Q

What stage of development of you need most sleep?

A

Earlier in development 0-2 yrs

50
Q

Why does the brain use REM sleep

A

Brain is re-activating same neural patterns used in daily experiences to organize/store info in memory

51
Q

REM sleep impact on learning

A

Important when learning something new

52
Q

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

A

Infant stops breathing suddenly at night while sleeping

53
Q

Does co-sleeping have a correlation to SIDS?

A

Yes

54
Q

How many hours of sleep do adolescents need?

A

8-10 hours/night

55
Q

Why is it significant that the prefrontal cortex is susceptible to sleep loss?

A

Still developing in teens

56
Q

Why do older teens sleep & wake up later?

A

Change in melatonin production

PSYCH 2AA3 (6 decks)

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