Gender Flashcards
Are gender stereotypes equal across cultures?
No
Do gender stereotypes reflect biological differences or cultural expectations?
Cultural expectations
Do current uni students believe less in gender stereotypes?
No. Frequently refer to female profs as teacher and focus more on her personality/ ability to entertain
Why do children change their looking behaviour a towards gendered stereotypes as they age?
Statistical regularities and perceptual narrowing (see certain things more often -> understanding)
Will a 12 month old prefer looking at gender stereotypical toys?
No, no difference
Will a 18 month old prefer looking at gender stereotypical toys?
Yes
What kind of gender stereotype will a 2 year old look at more?
One that breaks norm (i.e. man putting lipstick on)
What were the results of the study asking mothers to estimate how steep a slope their baby can crawl
- Underestimated girls
- Overestimated boys
- No differences in performance
By what age do children usually have a stable schema of “boys” and “girls” and participate in gender stereotyped activities?
4-6
When does gender intensification occur
Adolescence
Why does the stereotype that girls are better at language exist?
Girls’ behaviours may be better suited for school environments
Why does the stereotype of boys being better at math exist?
Males seem to have better spacial abilities
How does “evidence” of the stereotype of boys being better at math come about
Self fulfilling prophecy. (Endorse the stereotype, fulfill the stereotype)
In the picture study, who did 5 year old boys/girls think was smarter or kinder
The same gender as them
In the picture study, who did 6-7 year old boys/girls think was smarter or kinder
Men = smarter, women = kinder (reported by both genders)
Social cognitive theory of gender development
Rewards/punishments of certain behaviour shape concepts of gender
According Kohlberg, when does gender identity develop
Around age 2
According Kohlberg, when does gender stability develop (recognition that gender is lifelong)
4-5 years
According Kohlberg, when does gender constancy develop? (gender doesn’t change even with change in appearance)
5-7
Gender schema theory
Understanding of what it means to be a “boy” will dictate how you will behave (stereotypical)
Biological perspective of gender stereotypical roles
Evolutionary pressures may have selected different traits for males and females
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia and gender expression
Lots of androgens secreted by female, develops male-like genitals and prefers “boy” activities, shows higher aggression
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
XY males without androgen cells, look and act more feminine
When is the most common time that trans youth realize they don’t identify with their biological sex?
Puberty
Baby Storm gender
Parents didn’t announce sex to anyone, child self-identified as a girl
Instrumental aggression
Used to achieve specific goal - begins in 1st yr
Hostile aggression
Unprovoked aggression to intimidate/harass/humiliate - begins in elementary yrs
Reactive aggression
In response to someone else’s behaviour
Relational aggression
Hurt others by undermining social relationships
True or false, same area of the brain is activated during physical injury and when you’re being cyberbullies
True
Is aggression stable?
Yes, lifelong trait usually
