Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYCH 2AA3 > 9 - Emotions > Flashcards

9 - Emotions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What is an emotion?

A

Feeling or affect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What triggers emotions and why are they triggered

A

Situations that are important to you. Communicative (tell others it’s important)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the main system and main structure that control emotion?

A

Limbic system, amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Maturation of what 2 structures are crucial for emotion

A

Cerebral cortex, PFC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 7 basic emotions?

A

Happy, anger, surprise, disgust, sadness fear, interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the significance of basic emotions being experienced universally

A

Show emotion is an evolutionary adaptation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What emotional response would you expect to see in a 1 month old

A

Reflex smile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

At what age do babies develop social smiling?

A

2-3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What age do babies develop anger reactions?

A

4-6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When do babies develop fear responses?

A

6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which of the 7 basic emotions is least understood (developmentally)

A

disgust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 7 complex emotions?

A

pride, shame, guilt, embarrassment, empathy, despair, jealousy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why do complex emotions develop later?

A

Requires development of self and understanding of others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

According to Tompkins et al., how does parents discussing mental states with young children impact a child’s understanding of emotions?

A

Improves understanding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What needs to develop in order to understand self-conscious emotions

A

Words to describe abstract reactions in others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When does regret/relief develop

A

Around 9 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why would a young child experience shame/guilt

A

External punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why would an older child experience shame/guilt?

A

Internal inconsistency with values/expectations (for self or others)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do cultures differ when it comes to emotion?

A

Extent to which expression is encouraged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Would you expect an American baby or a Chinese baby to cry/smile more?

A

American. Asian cultures favour restraint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When would a baby be able to differentiate happy faces from sad faces?

A

≈6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is social referencing?

A

Unfamiliar situations, infants look to caregivers to interpret if situation is good or bad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

According to social referencing, why would a 12 month old be less likely to play with a toy?

A

Caregiver appears afraid of it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

According to social referencing, why would a 18 month old be less likely to play with a toy?

A

Some adult clowned on this kid’s toy and called it dumb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

2 way communication system

A
  • Infant signals distress
  • Caregiver soothes
  • Distress reduced
  • parent has modelled how to soothe unpleasant emotions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How does diverting attention help with emotional regulation

A

Divert to less emotional thoughts/feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Greater cognitive skills have what effect on emotional regulation?

A

= greater emotional regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is temperament?

A

Infant’e emotional reactivity and regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Easy child

A

Usually happy, adjusts well to new situations, good with regular routines for eating/sleeping/toileting

30
Q

Difficult child

A

Usually unhappy, irregular routine, responds poorly to unfamiliar situations

31
Q

Slow-to-warm-up child

A

Low activity level, low mood intensity

32
Q

According to Thomas & Chess (temperament), which is the most common (easy/difficult/slow to warm up child)

A

Easy

33
Q

According to Thomas & Chess (temperament), did the results have any lasting implications?

A

Characterizations usually predictor of life outcomes

34
Q

What are Rothbart’s 3 dimensions?

A

Extraversion/surgency, negative affect, effortful control

35
Q

Extraversion/surgency traits (Rothbart 2011)

A

happy, active. seek interesting information

36
Q

effortful control traits (Rothbart 2011)

A

focus attention, not easily distracted, can inhibit responses

37
Q

negative affect traits (Rothbart 2011)

A

angry, fearful, frustrated, shy, hard to soothe

38
Q

Support for Rothbart (2011) - Dimensions (2)

A
  • Cross cultural supports biologically based differences
  • parenting application (shy vs active babies need different things)
39
Q

Do dimensions seem to have a genetic link? Which dimension shows the most hereditary influence?

A

Yes, MZ twins more similar in temperament than DZ twins. Neg affect most influenced

40
Q

True or false, distress-prone infants must be due to poor parenting strategies

A

False, may be genetic predisposition

41
Q

How does the DRD4 gene impact temperament

A

Implicated in traits involved with temperament. Variation of gene can make individuals more susceptible to environmental effects

42
Q

How does the DRD4 gene interact with culture in Kitayama et al (2014)? (Drawing social circles)

A
  • Individualists value independence and self -> drew themselves bigger
  • Collectivists value self-sacrifice for group/interdependence -> drew themselves smaller
43
Q

How does temperament interact with environmental influences

A
  • May make some children more sensitive to them
  • evocative gene effects
44
Q

What is attachment?

A

Socioemotional relationship between baby and caregiver. Evolutionary response.

45
Q

Which sense is the foundation for social-emotional development?

A

Touch

46
Q

True or false, lack of attachment has only short term detrimental effects

A

False

47
Q

Bowlby - Pre-attachment

A

Recognize mother’s smell, smile and cry to caregiver (0-2 months)

48
Q

Bowlby - attachment in the making

A

Behave differently to familiar vs unfamiliar adults (2-7 months)

49
Q

Bowlby - True attachment

A

Specific attachment with regular caregivers (7-24 months)

50
Q

Bowlby - Reciprocal relationships

A

Growing cog/language skills allow for social relationships (18+ months)

51
Q

How does quality of attachment with caregiver impact later social relationships?

A

Shapes latter responses to others, emotional understanding, conscience development, self-concept

52
Q

Is attachment a reflex?

A

No, complex dynamic process depending on social-cognitive abilities of caregiver AND infant

53
Q

Strange situation study (explain what the study was not results)

A

Observe infant/caregiver relationships in free play, introduction of stranger, caregiver leaves infant with stranger, caregiver returns. View results to determine attachment style

54
Q

In the Strange Situation study, how did secure attachment babies react?

A

Cry when mom leaves but relieved when she returns

55
Q

In the Strange Situation study, how did avoidant attachment babies react?

A

Not upset when mom leaves, may ignore her when she returns

56
Q

In the Strange Situation study, how did resistant attachment babies react?

A

upset when mom leaves but not relieved when she returned (anger, crying etc)

57
Q

In the Strange Situation study, how did disorganized attachment babies react?

A

seemed confused when mom left and when she returned

58
Q

What is the most common attachment style worldwide?

A

Secure

59
Q

Can prevalence of insecure attachment styles differ by culture?

A

Yes.
Germans value independence -> avoidant common

Japanese value interdependence and don’t leave baby with strangers -> resistant common

60
Q

How will secure infants’ interpersonal skills be later in life

A

Good (better relationships, high SE, pos emotional health)

61
Q

What difficulties will an insecurely attached baby have when they grow up?

A

Behavioural

62
Q

What difficulties will an disorganizedly attached baby have when they grow up?

A

Aggression (externalizing problems)

63
Q

What 3 neural mechanisms are likely involved with attachment styles

A

Oxytocin, dopamine, stress-related areas of brain

64
Q

Does global attachment differ between mothers and fathers?

A

No

65
Q

What role does trust play in secure attachment?

A

Infants must trust that when they are distressed, caregiver will respond and help them

66
Q

What happens when an infant doesn’t trust their caregiver to respond to their needs?

A

Assume people to be unreliable in future relationships

67
Q

How do secure adults describe their childhood?

A

Objectively, value impact of their caregiver-child relationships

68
Q

How do dismissive adults describe their childhood?

A

Deny value of/cannot remember childhood experiences yet often idealize caregivers

69
Q

How do preoccupied adults describe their childhood

A

Emotionally, often express anger/confusion regarding caregiver-child relationships

70
Q

In the study involving smartphone use and attachment theory, what were the 4 main theories to describe relations?

A
  • Proximity maintenance
  • Safe haven
  • Secure base for exploration
  • Separation anxiety
71
Q

How to combat smartphone addiction in children with avoidant attachment types?

A

Play (learn skills, low-stakes mistakes)

PSYCH 2AA3 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions