Selective Breeding And Genetic Engineering

Question 1

Process of selective breeding

Answer 1

1. From existing stock select the ones with the best characteristics
2. Breed them together
3. Select the best offspring and breed them together
4. Repeat for several generations

Question 2

Usefulness of selective breeding

Answer 2

1. Increasing productivity of cows
2. Increase number of offspring
3. Increase crop yield

Question 3

Fish farming in cages

Answer 3

1. To stop them using as much energy swimming around
2. protects them from infraspecific predation
3. Controlled diet
4. They are more prone to disease

Question 4

Fish farming in tanks

Answer 4

1. Water can be monitored to check temperature, pH and oxygen levels
2. Control their diet
3. Water can be removed and filter which can avoid pollution

Question 5

Process of genetic engineering

Answer 5

1. DNA you want to insert is cut out with a restriction enzyme and the vector DNA is cut open with the same enzyme
2. Vector DNA and DNA are mixed together with ligase enzyme
3. The ligases join two pieces of DNA together to produce recombinant DNA
4. Recombinant DNA is inserted into other cells
5. These cells can now use the gene inserted to make the protein you want

Question 6

Process of micropropogation

Answer 6

1. Explants are taken from the tips of stems and side roots
2. Explants are sterilised to kill any microorganisms
3. Explants are placed in a Petri dish that contains a nutrient medium
4. Cells in the explants grow and divide into a small plant
5. The small plants are taken out of the soil and put into greenhouses

Question 7

Process of cloning animals

Answer 7

1. Nucleus of sheep egg cell is removed creating an enucleated cell
2. A diploid nucleus was inserted in its place
3. The cell was stimulated by an electronic shock and starts dividing by mitosis
4. The dividing cell is implanted into the uterus of another sheep until it was ready to be born