Respiration

Question 1

Structure and function of intercostal muscles

Answer 1

1. Structure:
   Muscles between the ribs which contract during inspiration
2. Function:
   Contracts when you breath in to pull the rib cage out

Question 2

Structure and function of trachea

Answer 2

1. Structure:
   Large tube reinforced by rings if cartilage
2. Function:
   Carries air to the lungs

Question 3

function of bronchus

Answer 3

Carries air through the smaller passages towards the lung tissue

Question 4

Structure and function of bronchiole

Answer 4

1. Structure
   Smaller tubes attached to the bronchus
2. Function:
   Air continues to travel through the narrow pipes until the air sacs

Question 5

Structure and function of alveoli

Answer 5

1. Structure
   Small, thin walled, capillary surrounded sac in the lungs
2. Function
   Where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place

Question 6

Structure and function of diaphragm

Answer 6

1. Structure
   A dome shaped muscular partition separating thorax form the abdomen
2. function
   Brings the movement of air in and out of the lungs

Question 7

Structure and function of the pleural fluid

Answer 7

1. Structure
   A fluid found between the membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and surrounds the lungs
2. Function
   A lubricant during breathing

Question 8

Structure and function of pleural membrane

Answer 8

1. Function
   Double layered membrane found in the thoracic cavity
2. Function
   It holds the lungs in the thoracic wall allowing easier movement when breathing

Question 9

Adaptation of the alveoli

Answer 9

1. Greater surface area
2. One cell thick wall
   Shortens the diffusion distance
3. Surrounding capillary
   Diffusion takes place where carbon dioxide goes into the alveoli and oxygen goes into a capillary which is how blood is oxygenated

Question 10

Consequences of smoking

Answer 10

1. Surface area of the alveoli will reduce
2. Lung cancer, emphysema and bronchitis are caused by smoking
3. Cilia in the trachea will reduce which means that the mucus is not swept away from the lungs but remains in the air passages

Question 11

Define respiration

Answer 11

It is the process of releasing energy from glucose, which happens constantly in every living cell

Question 12

Anaerobic respiration in animals

Answer 12

Glucose -> lactic acid

Question 13

Anaerobic respiration in plants

Answer 13

Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide