Digestion Flashcards
Digestion
The chemical and mechanical breakdown of food. It converts large insoluble molecules into soluble molecules, which can be absorbed into the blood
Absorption
Ileum has a large surface area which can absorb the soluble products quickly
Assimilation
Where soluble food molecules are absorbed from the blood into the cells in order to build new parts of that cell
Egestion
Where waste which has passed through the gut without entering the cells
Mouth
- Salivary glands produce amylase in saliva
2. Teeth mechanically break down food
Stomach
- It pummels the food with its muscular walls
- Produces pepsin (protease)
- Produces HCl to kill bacteria and to give the right pH for protease to work (pH 2)
Liver and gall bladder
Liver: produces bile
Gall bladder: stores bile
Pancreas
Produces protease, amylase, lipase and releases it onto the small intestine
Small intestine
- Produces protease, amylase and lipase to complete digestion
- Nutrients are absorbed out of the alimentary canal into the body
Large intestine
Where excess water is absorbed from food
Ingestion
Taking food into the body
Bile
- Turns big lipid droplets into small lipid droplets, which have a higher surface area (makes it easier for lipase enzymes to break it down)
- Neutralises stomach acid (pH 10)
What’s the source, subtrate and product of amalyase
Source: salivary glands
Subtrate: starch
Product: glucose
What’s the source, subtrate and product of protease
Source: stomach, pancreas, small intestine
Subtrate: protein
Product: amino acids
What’s the source, subtrate and product of lipase
Source: pancreas, small intestine
Subtrate: lipids
Product: glucose and fatty acids
