Seizures try again Flashcards
What NT do NMDA receptors respond to
Glutamate
Glycine
Mg2+ must be dislodged before what channel can open
NMDA receptor
an open NMDA channel results in influx of what
Na+
Ca2+
an open NMDA channel results in efflux of what
K+
activation of NMDA receptor leads to depolarization or hyperpolarization
depolarization
Activation of AMPA receptor leads to influx of
Na+
variable Ca2+
activation of AMPA receptor leads to efflux of
K+
post synaptic kainate receptor leads to excitation or inhibition
excitation
pre synaptic kainate receptor leads to excitation or inhibition
inhibition
is GABA-A a postsynaptic receptor or presynaptic receptor
postsynaptic receptor
binding of GABA-A leads to influx of
Cl-
GABA-A has IPSP —
-70 mV
What med binds to GABA-A receptor
BZD
what type of receptor is GABA-B
metabotropic receptor
activation of presynaptic GABA-B receptor leads to
decreased Ca2+ influx
activation of postsynaptic GABA-B receptor leads to
increased K+ efflux
GABA-B has IPSP —
-100 mV
between GABA-A and GABA-B which has more hyperpolarization
GABA-B
a stimulus causes what type of change to a sodium channel
conformational change
what is the fast response in voltage gated channels
sodium influx
sodium influx leads to
depolarization
K+ efflux leads to
hyperpolarization
most pharmacotherapy for seizure is directed at regulating the
voltage gated ion channels
prolong the inactivation phase of Na+ channels
Na+ channel blockers
prolong the efflux of potassium
K+ channel activators
in seizure we have too much of what NT
glutamate
in seizures we have too little of what NT
GABA
what electrolyte disturbances can cause seizures
hypocalcemia
hypomagnesemia
hyponatremia
in early phases of status epilepticus, you are able to maintain what type of metabolism
aerobic metabolism
what causes hypoglycemia in status epilepticus
insulin secretion > available glucose stores
is the sympathetic system or parasympathetic system activated in status epilepticus
parasympathetic
what type of stroke has a high risk of seizure
multi-infarct
patients who develop seizure two weeks post stroke are more likely to develop epilepsy due to
glial scarring
where is the reticular activating system located
brainstem
what maintains consciousness, alertness, and arousal
reticular activating system
what type of connections to the autonomic NS help control breathing and heart rate in reticular activating system
efferent
what is the worst GCS score
3
what is the best GCS score
15
GCS tests for
best eye response
best verbal response
best motor response
13 or higher GCS score
mild brain injury
9-12 GCS score
moderate brain injury
8 or less GCS score
severe brain injury
