Seizures try again

Question 1

What NT do NMDA receptors respond to

Answer 1

Glutamate
Glycine

Question 2

Mg2+ must be dislodged before what channel can open

Answer 2

NMDA receptor

Question 3

an open NMDA channel results in influx of what

Answer 3

Na+
Ca2+

Question 4

an open NMDA channel results in efflux of what

Answer 4

K+

Question 5

activation of NMDA receptor leads to depolarization or hyperpolarization

Answer 5

depolarization

Question 6

Activation of AMPA receptor leads to influx of

Answer 6

Na+

variable Ca2+

Question 7

activation of AMPA receptor leads to efflux of

Answer 7

K+

Question 8

post synaptic kainate receptor leads to excitation or inhibition

Answer 8

excitation

Question 9

pre synaptic kainate receptor leads to excitation or inhibition

Answer 9

inhibition

Question 10

is GABA-A a postsynaptic receptor or presynaptic receptor

Answer 10

postsynaptic receptor

Question 11

binding of GABA-A leads to influx of

Answer 11

Cl-

Question 12

GABA-A has IPSP —

Answer 12

-70 mV

Question 13

What med binds to GABA-A receptor

Answer 13

BZD

Question 14

what type of receptor is GABA-B

Answer 14

metabotropic receptor

Question 15

activation of presynaptic GABA-B receptor leads to

Answer 15

decreased Ca2+ influx

Question 16

activation of postsynaptic GABA-B receptor leads to

Answer 16

increased K+ efflux

Question 17

GABA-B has IPSP —

Answer 17

-100 mV

Question 18

between GABA-A and GABA-B which has more hyperpolarization

Answer 18

GABA-B

Question 19

a stimulus causes what type of change to a sodium channel

Answer 19

conformational change

Question 20

what is the fast response in voltage gated channels

Answer 20

sodium influx

Question 21

sodium influx leads to

Answer 21

depolarization

Question 22

K+ efflux leads to

Answer 22

hyperpolarization

Question 23

most pharmacotherapy for seizure is directed at regulating the

Answer 23

voltage gated ion channels

Question 24

prolong the inactivation phase of Na+ channels

Answer 24

Na+ channel blockers

Question 25

prolong the efflux of potassium

Answer 25

K+ channel activators

Question 26

in seizure we have too much of what NT

Answer 26

glutamate

Question 27

in seizures we have too little of what NT

Answer 27

GABA

Question 28

what electrolyte disturbances can cause seizures

Answer 28

hypocalcemia
hypomagnesemia
hyponatremia

Question 29

in early phases of status epilepticus, you are able to maintain what type of metabolism

Answer 29

aerobic metabolism

Question 30

what causes hypoglycemia in status epilepticus

Answer 30

insulin secretion > available glucose stores

Question 31

is the sympathetic system or parasympathetic system activated in status epilepticus

Answer 31

parasympathetic

Question 32

what type of stroke has a high risk of seizure

Answer 32

multi-infarct

Question 33

patients who develop seizure two weeks post stroke are more likely to develop epilepsy due to

Answer 33

glial scarring

Question 34

where is the reticular activating system located

Answer 34

brainstem

Question 35

what maintains consciousness, alertness, and arousal

Answer 35

reticular activating system

Question 36

what type of connections to the autonomic NS help control breathing and heart rate in reticular activating system

Answer 36

efferent

Question 37

what is the worst GCS score

Answer 37

3

Question 38

what is the best GCS score

Answer 38

15

Question 39

GCS tests for

Answer 39

best eye response
best verbal response
best motor response

Question 40

13 or higher GCS score

Answer 40

mild brain injury

Question 41

9-12 GCS score

Answer 41

moderate brain injury

Question 42

8 or less GCS score

Answer 42

severe brain injury