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341 Exam 3 > Seizures > Flashcards

Seizures Flashcards

1
Q

Three major classes of seizures

A

Generalized onset
Focal onset
Unknown onset

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2
Q

Generalized can be

A

motor

Non motor

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3
Q

Characterized by loss of consciousness and falling to the ground

A

Tonic-Clonic seizure

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4
Q

Body stiffens

A

Tonic

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5
Q

Jerking of extremities

A

Clonic

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6
Q

Manifestations of tonic-clonic

A

Cyanosis
Excessive salivation
Tongue/cheek biting
Incontinece

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7
Q

Usually occurs only in children and rarely beyond adolescence

A

Typical absence seizure (non motor seizure; general onset)

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8
Q

Timing of (typical absence seizure)

A

Brief staring spell, lasts less than 10 seconds

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9
Q

Atypical absence manifestations

A

Eye blinking
Jerking movements of the lips
Lasts more than 10 seconds
Usually continue into adulthood

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10
Q

Characterized by rhythmic arm abduction (3 movements per second) leading to progressive arm elevation
Usually lasts 10 to 60 seconds

A

Myoclonic seizure

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11
Q

Begin in specific region of cortex in one hemisphere of brain
Produce manifestations based on function of area of brain involved

A

Focal-onset seizures

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12
Q

Focal-onset seizures described by level of awareness

A

Focal awareness seizures

Focal impaired awareness seizures

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13
Q

Patients remain conscious and alert

Have unusual feelings or sensations that can take many forms

A

Focal awareness seizures

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14
Q

Patients have loss of consciousness or a change in awareness

Eyes are open but cannot interact

A

Focal impaired seizures

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15
Q

Atonic:

A

helmet

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16
Q

State of continuous seizure activity or condition when seizures recur in rapid succession without return to consciousness between seizures

A

Status epilepticus (SE)

17
Q

Neuro emergency; any type of seizure

A

Any seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes

18
Q

Prolonged or repeated tonic-clonic seizures

A

Convulsive status epilepticus

19
Q

Convulsive status epilepticus can lead to

A 
respiratory insufficiency
hypoxemia
dysrhythmias
hyperthermia
 systemic acidosis
20
Q

Continuous seizure activity despite administration of first and second line therapy

A

Refractory status epilepticus (RSE)

putting them in a coma

21
Q

Immediate medical care if:

A

Status epilepticus occurs
Significant bodily harm occurs
The event is a first-time seizure

22
Q

Neurologic assessment involves testing for toxicity

A

Nystagmus
Hand and gait coordination
Cognitive functioning
General alertness

23
Q

Medical Treatment of Status Epilepticus

A

Initially, rapid-acting IV lorazepam (Ativan) or diazepam (Valium)

24
Q

diet helps control seizures

A

Ketogenic

25
Q

Precipitating factors

A 
Metabolic acidosis or alkalosis
Hyperkalemia
Hypoglycemia
Dehydration
Water intoxication
26
Q

Ictal or Post-Ictal Phase

A 
Bitten tongue, soft tissue damage, cyanosis
Abnormal respiratory rate
Apnea (ictal)
Absent or abnormal breath sounds
Airway occlusion 
Hypertension, tachycardia/bradycardia
Bowel incontinence
Excessive salivation
Urinary incontinence
27
Q

Acute care

A
  1. Open and maintain patent airway, support head, turn to side, loosen constrictive clothing, ease to floor
  2. Do not restrain patient or place any objects in their mouth
  3. May require positioning, suctioning, or oxygen after seizure
28
Q

Nursing management; RN

A

Teach patient about risk for seizures, drug plan
Assess and record seizure details
Assess and position patient and give antiseizure drugs
Make appropriate referrals
Collaborates with physical, occupational, or respiratory therapist

29
Q

Ambulatory Care

A

Prevention
Medical alert bracelets
Referrals to agencies

30
Q

Most important thing to check:

A

check for injury; bit their tongue

31
Q

Checking

A 
RR
Breath sounds
airway occlusion
HTN
tachycardia
32
Q

May require what after seizure?

A

Positioning
Suctioning
Oxygen

33
Q

Note what during seizure:

A

the timing

341 Exam 3 (15 decks)

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