Seizure - Drugs

Question 1

Diazepam (Valium, Diastat)

Class:

MOA:

Answer 1

Class: Benzodiazepine

MOA: Binds to the benzodiazepine receptor and enhances the effects of the brain neurotransmitter GABA; can produce any level of CNS depression required including sedation, skeletal muscle relaxation, and anticonvulsant activity

Question 2

Diazepam (Valium, Diastat)

Indications:

Side Effects:

Answer 2

Indications: Seizure; anxiety; alcohol withdrawal; skeletal muscle relaxation; preprocedure sedation

Side Effects: Hypotension; reflex tachycardia; respiratory depression; ataxia; confusion; nausea

Question 3

Diazepam (Valium, Diastat)

Contraindications:

Considerations:

Answer 3

Contraindications: Acute-glaucoma, CNS depression, alcohol intoxication, known sensitivity, myasthenia gravis

Considerations: Incompatible with most fluids; extravasation may cause severe tissue necrosis. Should be given into IV of NS; rapid bonus may cause respiratory depression; may potentiate CNS depression in persons taking other CNS depressant medications; may cause hypotension, ataxia, confusion, nausea/vomiting or reflex tachycardia. Pregnancy Class D

Question 4

Diazepam (Valium, Diastat)

Dose Seizure:

Answer 4

Dose Seizure: Adult 5-10 mg slow IV/IM (over 2 min) may repeat every 10-15 minutes as needed (max 30mg)

Neonate (Birth-28 days): 0.1 to 0.3 mg/kg IV over 3-5 min15-30 min (max 2 mg)

Pediatric (1 month to 5 years): 0.5mg slow IV over 2-5 min (max 5mg) or ages 2-5 years 0.5mg/kg PR

Pediatric (>5years): 1 mg slow IV over 2-5 min (max 10mg) or ages 6-11 years 0.3 mg/kg PR, >12 years 0.2 mg/kg PR

Question 5

Diazepam (Valium, Diastat)

Dose Delirium Tremens:

Dose Sedation:

Answer 5

Dose Delirium Tremens: Adult - 10mg IV

Dose Sedation: Adult 2-10 mg IV 5-10 minutes before procedure
Pediatric - 0.04 to 0.3 mg/kg IV/IM over 4 hours to a max of 0.6 mg/kg