ALS - Drugs

Question 1

Diphenhydramine (other names)

Answer 1

Benadryl

Question 2

Diphenhydramine (class)

Answer 2

Antihistamine

Question 3

Diphenhydramine (MOA)

Answer 3

Blocks H1 receptors in blood vessels and bronchioles to stop further effects of histamines; also effective in treatment of dystonic reactions

Question 4

Diphenhydramine (indications)

Answer 4

Moderate to severe allergic reactions; anaphylaxis; acute extrapyramidal (dystonic) reactions

Question 5

Diphenhydramine (contraindications)

Answer 5

Newborns and nursing mothers; known hypersensitivity

Question 6

Diphenhydramine (dose adult/pediatric)

Answer 6

Adult: 25-50mg IM or slow IV

Pediatric: 1mg/kg IM or slow IV

Question 7

Calcium Chloride

Class:

MOA:

Answer 7

Class: Electrolyte

MOA: Increases serum calcium level; key in normal cardiac and renal cell function as well as respiration, blood coagulation, and cell membrane & capillary permeability; replaces lost calcium or counteracts effects of excess potassium

Question 8

Calcium Chloride

Indications:

Side Effects:

Answer 8

Indications: Hyperkalemia; hypocalcemia; calcium channel blocker toxicity; hypermagnesemia; block effects of calcium channel blocking agents

Side Effects: Bradycardia; asystole; hypotension

Question 9

Calcium Chloride

Contraindications:

Considerations:

Answer 9

Contraindications: V-fib; digitalis toxicity; hypercalcemia

Considerations: Need to flush IV after administration; may cause precipitation in line if mixed with sodium bicarbonate; may worsen dysrhythmias caused by digitalis; may antagonize the peripheral vasodilator effects of calcium channel blockers; may produce vasospasm in coronary and cerebral arteries; hypertension and bradycardia may occur with rapid bonus; pregnancy class C

Question 10

Calcium Chloride

Dose:

Onset and Duration:

Answer 10

Dose Adult: 500-1000 mg IV; may repeat after 10 minutes as needed

Dose Pediatric: 20 mg/kg IV; may repeat after 10 minutes as needed

Onset: 2-15 min
Duration: Dose dependent