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Paramedic Academy > Cardiology - Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiology - Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

Adenosine (Adenocard)

Dose:

Onset and Duration:

A

Dose - Adult: 6, 12, 12. Follow each dose with a 10-20 mL rapid bonus and elevate the extremity. (2nd dose, if needed, 1-2 min later)

Dose - Pediatric: 0.1mg/kg, 0.2mg/kg. Follow each dose with a 5mL rapid bonus and elevate the extremity.

Onset: Immediate
Duration: 6-10 seconds

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2
Q

Adenosine (Adenocard)

Class:

MOA:

A

Class: Antidysrhythmic; Endogenous nucleoside

MOA: Slows conduction at the AV node by inducing hyper-polarization of the AV node, causing a temporary absolute refractory period where no further signal can travel through the AV node

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3
Q

Adenosine (Adenocard)

Indications:

Side Effects:

A

Indications: Narrow complex SVT

Side Effects: Patient may experience sense of impending doom, flushing, chest pressure, throat tightness or numbness (all generally mild and short-lived); may have brief episode of asystole

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4
Q

Adenosine (Adenocard)

Contraindications:

Considerations:

A

Contraindications: Second or third degree heart block, or sick sinus syndrome.

Considerations: Should be administered through a large-bore IV; closer to the heart the better; half dose on patient on carbamepazine or dipyridamole

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5
Q

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

Dose:

Onset and Duration:

A

Dose - Pulseless Adult: 300mg IV/IO, repeat dose 150mg IV/IO
Dose - Pulseless Pediatric: 5mg/kg IV/IO, repeat to MAX 15mg/kg

Dose - Stable Adult: 150mg in 100mL D5W over 10min; repeat every 10 min or 0.5-1mg/min infusion
Dose - Stable Pediatric: 5mg/kg IV/IO over 20-60min; repeat to MAX 15mg/kg

Onset: Minutes
Duration: Variable

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6
Q

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

Class:

MOA:

A

Class: Antidysrhythmic

MOA: Delays depolarization and prolongs duration of action potential and effective refractory period; which inhibits andrenergic stimulation (alpha and beta blocking properties), affects sodium, potassium, and calcium channels, prolongs the action potential and refractory period in myocardial tissue; decreases AV conduction and sinus node function

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7
Q

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

Indications:

Side Effects:

A

Indications: VF; VT; refractory PSVT

Side Effects: May cause hypotension, bradycardia, do not administer with other drugs that prolong QT interval (Procanimide); slow or stop infusion if bradycardia or AV block occurs

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8
Q

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

Contraindications:

Considerations:

A

Contraindications: Cardiogenic shock; hypotension; bradycardia; pulmonary congestion; sick sinus syndrome; 2nd or 3rd degree AVB; sensitivity to benzoyl alcohol and iodine

Considerations: None

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9
Q

Aspirin (Bayer; Ecotrin; St. Josephs)

Dose:

Side Effects:

A

Dose Adult MI: 162-324 mg PO

Dose Adult Pain Management: 325-650 mg PO

Onset: 15-30min
Duration: 4-6 hours

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10
Q

Aspirin (Bayer; Ecotrin; St. Josephs)

Class:

MOA:

A

Class: Antiplatelet agent; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory; antipyretic

MOA: Prevents the formation of thromboxane A2, which causes platelets to aggregate and form plugs that obstruct or constrict small coronary arteries; inhibits cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX 1 and 2) enzymes; decreases inflammation; blocks pain impulses in the CNS

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11
Q

Aspirin (Bayer; Ecotrin; St. Josephs)

Indications:

Side Effects:

A

Indications: Unstable angina; acute MI; Acute Coronary Syndrome

Side Effects: Anaphylaxis; angioedema; bronchospasm; increased bleeding; nausea/vomiting; heartburn; stomach irritation

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12
Q

Aspirin (Bayer; Ecotrin; St. Josephs)

Contraindications:

Considerations:

A

Contraindications: GI bleeding; active ulcer; hemorrhagic stroke; bleeding disorder; pediatric patients with chickenpox or flu-like symptoms

Considerations: Increased effects with anticoagulants, insulin, and oral hypoglycemics; use with caution in asthmatics; pregnancy class C in months 1-6, pregnancy class D in last trimester

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13
Q

Atropine

Class:

MOA:

A

Class: Anticholinergic agent (parasympatholytic)

MOA: Blocks vagal effects to increase heart rate and enhance AV conduction; inhibits acetylcholine at postganglion ic parasympathetic receptor sites

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14
Q

Atropine

Indications:

Side Effects:

A

Indications: Hemodynamically significant bradycardia; to dry secretions secondary to organophosphate or nerve gas poisoning

Side Effects: Tachycardia; paradoxical bradycardia at doses <0.5mg; palpitations; dysrhythmias; headache; dizziness; anticholinergic effects; nausea/vomiting; flushing; dilated pupils; decreased GI motility

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15
Q

Atropine

Contraindications:

Considerations:

A

Contraindications: Tachycardia; obstructive disease of GI tract; narrow-angle glaucoma; thyrotoxicosis

Considerations: Use caution in presence of MI and hypoxia (increases myocardial O2 demand); may be given via ETT at 2-2.5 x dose; effects pupils so not an accurate monitor of CNS status. Will not be effective in 2nd degree type II, or 3rd (complete) heart block

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16
Q

Atropine

Dose:

Onset and Duration:

A

Dose Bradydysrhythmias:

17
Q

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Class:

MOA:

A

Class: Antiplatelet

MOA: Antagonizes the glycoprotein llb/lla receptors to block platelet aggregation (prevents platelets from sticking)

18
Q

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Indications:

Side Effects:

A

Indications: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS); chronic coronary and vascular disease; ischemic stroke; allergy to ASA

Side Effects: Nausea; abdominal pain; hemorrhage

19
Q

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Contraindications:

Considerations:

A

Contraindications: History of intracranial hemorrhage; GI bleed; trauma

Considerations: Use caution in patients with hepatic impairment; withhold for 5-7 days if CABG is planned (unless need for revascularization is urgent)

20
Q

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Dose:

Onset and Duration:

A

Dose Adult: 300mg PO loading dose

Dose Pediatric: Not Indicated

Onset: Variable
Duration: 3-4 hours

21
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem)

Class:

MOA:

A

Class: Class IV anti-dysrhythmic (calcium-channel blocker)

MOA: Blocks the calcium channels to slow conduction and increase refractory period at the AV node, thus slowing the ventricular response in patients with tachycardia originating above the ventricles

22
Q

Epinephrine (1:10,000)

Class:

MOA:

A

Class: Sympathomimetic

MOA: Endogenous catecholamine that directly stimulates alpha 1, beta 1, and beta 2 adrenergic receptors

23
Q

Epinephrine (1:10,000)

Indications:

Side Effects:

A

Indications: Cardiac arrest

Side Effects: Headache; nausea; weakness; dysrhythmias; hypertension; angina; tachycardia; antagonizes effects of histamine; MAOIs may potentiate effects; Beta-blockers may blunt inotropic response

24
Q

Epinephrine (1:10,000)

Contraindications:

Considerations:

A

Contraindications: None when used as indicated

Considerations: May increase oxygen demand

25
Q

Epinephrine (1:10,000)

Dose: Pulseless Arrest

Onset and Duration:

A

Dose Adult: 1mg IV; repeat every 3-5 min during resuscitation

Dose Pediatric: 0.01 mg/kg IV repeat every 3-5 min

Onset: 1-2 min
Duration: 5-10 min

Paramedic Academy (11 decks)

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