Respiratory - Drugs

Question 1

Albuterol (Proventil; Ventolin)

Dose:

Onset and Duration:

Answer 1

Dose - Adult: 2.5mg in 3mL of NS via nebulizer every 20 minutes for a MAX of 3 doses; may administer a continuous nebulizer at 10-15 mg/hr

Dose - Pediatric (<12): 0.15mg/kg every 20 minutes for a MAX of 3 doses; may administer continuous nebulizer s at 0.5 mg/kg/hr

Hyperkalemia: 10-20mg nebulized

Onset: 5-15min
Duration: 3-4 hours

Question 2

Albuterol (Proventil; Ventolin)

Class:

MOA:

Answer 2

Class: Bronchodilator (beta 2 agonist)

MOA: Binds and stimulates beta2 receptors, resulting in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

Question 3

Albuterol (Proventil; Ventolin)

Indications:

Side Effects:

Answer 3

Indications: Bronchospasms in patients with reversible obstructive airway disease; e.g. asthma, bronchitis, and COPD; hyperkalemia

Side Effects: Hyperglycemia; sympathetic response i.e. palpitations, sinus tachycardia, anxiety, tremor, nausea/vomiting, throat irritation, dry mouth, hypertension, insomnia, headache, epistaxis, paradoxical bronchospasm, restlessness, apprehension, dizziness, dysrhythmias

Question 4

Albuterol (Proventil; Ventolin)

Contraindications:

Considerations:

Answer 4

Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to Albuterol or levalbuterol

Considerations: Beta-blockers may antagonize Albuterol; use with caution in lactating patients, patients with diabetes, hyperthyroidism, seizure disorder, hyperkalemia, and cardiac histories with tachycardia

Question 5

Dexamethasone (Decadron)

Class:

MOA:

Answer 5

Class: Corticosteroid

MOA: Depresses formation, release, and activity of inflammatory mediators (e.g., kin is, prostaglandins, histamine, lysosomes) to reduce inflammation and immune responses

Question 6

Dexamethasone (Decadron)

Indications:

Side Effects:

Answer 6

Indications: Moderate to severe asthma/COPD/anaphylaxis; croup; adrenal insufficiency; non responsive forms of shock

Side Effects: Nausea/vomiting; edema; hypertension; hyperglycemia; immunosuppression; insomnia; facial flushing; diaphoretic; decreased or blurred vision; dizziness

Question 7

Dexamethasone (Decadron)

Contraindications: Active untreated systemic infections; tuberculosis (TB)

Considerations:

Answer 7

Contraindications: Active untreated systemic infections; tuberculosis (TB)

Considerations: Caution with patients with cirrhosis, hepatic or renal impairment, CHF, DM; crosses the placenta and is distributed in breast milk

Question 8

Dexamethasone (Decadron)

Dose:

Onset and Duration:

Answer 8

Dose Adult: 1-6 mg/kg IV (MAX 40mg)

Dose Pediatric: 0.03-0.3mg/kg/day IV, divide into equal doses every 6 hours

Onset: Rapid
Duration: Short