Seed and Seedling

Question 1

How can pathogen be managed with seed/seedling

Answer 1

sanitaition/roguing
fungicide
clean seed
clean soil
styroblock (clean env.)

Question 2

How can host be managed in seed and seedling?

Answer 2

rotate species
fallow (not growing anything in an area for a period of time)
harden off by root pruning

Question 3

How can environment be managed in a nursery?

Answer 3

Soil pH

moisture (not excess) / ventilation

Question 4

What are the two typical stock types?

Answer 4

PSB - styroblock

BBR - bare root

Question 5

how to differentiate between biotic/abiotic

Answer 5

biotic: spores, fruiting bodies, random pattern, continuos development, mushy tissue, initial infection and slow spread.
abiotic: pattern, not specific to age or part of tree, tissue often dry.

Question 6

Why store seedlings?

Answer 6

seedlings stored in freezer so next crop can start in the nursery. Keeps tree hardy.

Question 7

What is a disease that can attack in storage?

Answer 7

Storage molds (Botrytis, Rosellina)

Question 8

What are some characteristics of storage molds?

Answer 8

• weak saprophytes

- can develop at +2 degrees

Question 9

How are storage molds managed?

Answer 9

• ensure seedling is mold free before storing
• remove seedlings with dead needles
• monitor while in storage
• keep cold during transport
• monitor on planting site

Question 10

What is a REEFER?

Answer 10

A truck trailer with a freezer

Question 11

what do you do if you find mold when you take the seedling from storage?

Answer 11

plant ASAP
keep frozen
open boxes during thawing