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GEOL 1010 > Sedimentary Rocks (exam 2) > Flashcards

Sedimentary Rocks (exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Rocks that form at Earth’s surface; majority of rocks on the continents

A

Sedimentary rocks

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2
Q

How do sedimentary rocks form? (in what structure/system)

A

Layers known as beds

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3
Q

Four type of sedimentary rocks

A
  1. Clastic
  2. Biochemical
  3. Organic
  4. Chemical
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4
Q

3 characterizations of Sed rocks

A

Siliceous, Argillaceous, Carbonate

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5
Q

Clay rich rocks

A

Argillaceous

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6
Q

Contain calcite or dolomite (rock)

A

Carbonate

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7
Q

Quartzrich rock and are about 70%-80% of Sedimentary rocks

A

Siliceous

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8
Q

Made of particles of broken rocks cemented together; mineral grains and rock fragments; commonly shale and sandstone

A

Clastic

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9
Q

Two types of lithification

A

compaction and cementation

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10
Q

happens due to burial that adds pressure to sediment; occur in basins; squeezes out air and water; compresses sediment grains

A

compaction

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11
Q

Minerals grow in pore spaces and glues sediment together

A

cementation

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12
Q

How to classify a Sedimentary rock

A
  1. Size
  2. Angularity
  3. Sorting
  4. Sediment maturity
  5. Character of cement
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13
Q

Types of grain classification

A
  1. Boulders
  2. Cobble
  3. Pebble
  4. Sand
  5. Silt
  6. Clay
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14
Q

As transport distance increases the grain size?

A

Decreases

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15
Q

Super angular indicates

A

has not traveled as far

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16
Q

Not very angular

A

has traveled fr

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17
Q

If fragment is close to source it has?

A

Poor sorting

18
Q

If fragment is far from source it is?

A

Well sorted

19
Q

Has large angular clasts and found close to the source

A

Breccia

20
Q

Large rounded clasts that are slightly further than breccia; near rivers

A

Conglomerates

21
Q

deposit of alluvial fans; coarse sandstone with a lot of feldspar; immature sandstone

A

akrose

22
Q

mostly quartz; close to beaches and rivers

A

Sandstone

23
Q

Form from very low energy quiet waters; fine grained; furthest from the source; thin bed and breaks easily

A

shale

24
Q

Large clasts in muddy matrix; found in debris flows or glacial till deposits

A

Diamicite

25
Q

form in tropical waters; mostly made of hell fragments from coral reefs/shell beds; made from hard parts of marine organism shells

A

biochemical Sed rocks

26
Q

Types of Biochemical sed rocks

A
  1. Fossiliferous Limestone
  2. Micrite
  3. Chalk
27
Q

Form in deep, cool marine environment after burial

A

Biochemical Chert

28
Q

Altered remains of fossil vegetation; accumulates in lush, tropical wetland settings; requires deposition in the absence of oxygen

A

Coal

29
Q

Shale with heat altered organic matter

A

Oil Shale

30
Q

Form from precipitation of mineral; minerals precipitating from water; interlocking crystals

A

Chemical Sed Rocks

31
Q

Types of Chemical Rocks

A

Evaporites, tavertine, precipitated chert

32
Q

Form from evaporated sea water; base mineral is salt; crystallizes mineral over and over again

A

Evaporites

33
Q

Concentrated in calcium and carbonate; related to volcanoes, thermal hot springs; common in sculpting

A

Tavertine

34
Q

High concentration of silicate; forms layers; petrified wood

A

Precipitated chert

35
Q

Three Types of Sedimentary Structures

A

Bedding (layers), Ripple marks and dunes, cross beds

36
Q

small ridges and troughs on top

A

RippleMarks

37
Q

Large scale versions of ripple marks in the layer

A

Dunes

38
Q

What are ripple marks and dunes used to determine

A

flow direction

39
Q

sediment moving up the gentle side of ripple or dune

slips down steep face

A

Cross beds

40
Q

Sedimentary rocks can form in 4 types of plate tectonic structures

A

Rift basins, intercontinental basins, foreland basins, intercontinental basins

GEOL 1010 (18 decks)

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