Mountain Building

Question 1

Result from earth’s surface behaving in brittle fashion causing it to break

Answer 1

Fractures

Question 2

Two main types of fractures

Answer 2

joints and faults

Question 3

Rock fractures along which there has been appreciable movement, 1 of the most common geological structures, Occur in broadly parallel evenly spaced groups

Answer 3

Joint

Question 4

3 types of joints

Answer 4

columnar, exfoliation, tectonic

Question 5

distinctive sets of contraction fractures that outline long polygonal columns; occurs when basalt cools down and cracks as it shrinks

Answer 5

Columnar Joints

Question 6

Gently curved land fractures that are broadly parallel to the land surface; common in granite bodies; form due to erosional unloading

Answer 6

Exfoliation joints

Question 7

Produced by tectonic forces that cause rocks to break in a system of regional stresses; most joints are this type

Answer 7

Tectonic Joints

Question 8

Where do tectonic joints occurq

Answer 8

in areas that are being stretched compressed or sheared

Question 9

Represent plane of weakness; significant movement involved

Answer 9

Faults

Question 10

Types of Faults

Answer 10

DipSlip

StrikeSlip

Question 11

Direction of movement is generally parallel to the dip of the fault plane

Answer 11

dip slip faults

Question 12

Two types of dip slip faults

Answer 12

Normal Faults

Reverse faults

Question 13

Results in tensional stresses; Headwall moves down relative to footwall; crust being extended; common in mid ocean ridges and continental rifts

Answer 13

Normal Fault

Question 14

Headwall moves up relative to the footwall, crust is being squeezed; occur in compressional areas; crust is thickened

Answer 14

Reverse Faults

Question 15

Low angle compressional faults merging at depth

Answer 15

Thrusts

Question 16

rock layers react by bending and flexing up and down to form wave like buckles; formed from being compressed

Answer 16

Folds

Question 17

Two types of folds

Answer 17

syncline, anticline

Question 18

Forms when a sequence of rocks occur in a normal fault and is arched upward

Answer 18

anticlines

Question 19

Forms when the strata sequence is stretched down

Answer 19

syncline

Question 20

rock layers are pushed upward from below; results in a broadly circular bulge; oldest rocks exposed

Answer 20

Dome

Question 21

When rocks are depressed in a bowl shaped circular structure; youngest rocks are exposed

Answer 21

Basins

Question 22

New strata are deposited on eroded rocks, surfaces develop with consequences; basically geological history is lost because rock is eroded and replace with new rocks and an uneven surface

Answer 22

Unconformities