Rivers and Streams

Question 1

How water moves around the entire earth

Answer 1

The Hydrologic Cycle (the water cycle)

Question 2

Key factors that effect water

Answer 2

Evaporation, precipitation, condensation

Question 3

What is evaporation?

Answer 3

Liquid to Gas - Ocean to clouds

Question 4

What does precipitation do with water?

Answer 4

Forms streams - helps water move from high to low elevation

Question 5

water at the beginning of a stream

Answer 5

head waters

Question 6

ultimate base level

Answer 6

the ocean

Question 7

How do streams change?

Answer 7

Change from V to U shapes

Longitude profile changes with distance

Question 8

Where do U shaped rivers form?

Answer 8

on hills (mostly)

Question 9

Two types of flows

Answer 9

Laminar and Turbulent

Question 10

Describe Laminar Flow

Answer 10

Slow movements
Smooth Beds
No mixing of major sediments

Question 11

Turbulent flow features

Answer 11

Stream crisscrosses

Has suspended load

Question 12

Velocity is based off of (3 things)

Answer 12

1. ) Slope of the Stream
2. ) Roughness of the Stream Bed
3. ) Shape of the Chanel

Question 13

How much water is going through a stream; varies from season to season

Answer 13

Discharge

Question 14

Types of Sediment loads

Answer 14

Dissolved Load, Suspended Load, Bed Load

Question 15

Smallest Load that carries ions

Answer 15

Dissolved Load

Question 16

Fine particles existing in a stream that can effect color

Answer 16

suspended Load

Question 17

Largest capacity of sediment, usually consisting of sand and bouncing and rolling on the bottom

Answer 17

Bed Load

Question 18

Two types of sediment transport

Answer 18

Competence and capacity

Question 19

Deals with energy and the maximum particle size is being transported

Answer 19

Competence

Question 20

Maximum load amount being transported; deals with volume

Answer 20

Capacity

Question 21

Where is friction the highest?

Answer 21

Shallow wide channels

Question 22

Where is velocity the highest in a stream?

Answer 22

In the center

Question 23

edge of stream that contain sand and clay; bring plants nutrients

Answer 23

Floodplains

Question 24

Edge of stream consists of sand

Answer 24

point bars

Question 25

snake shaped rivers

Answer 25

meanders

Question 26

place where the velocity is the greatest and also the deepest part of chanel

Answer 26

thalweg

Question 27

How steep something is

Answer 27

gradient

Question 28

Highest elevation part of the stream; Gradient is steep;; competence is high and has bed load

Answer 28

Upper Coarse

Question 29

Areas with increased turbulence; found in upper course of rivers

Answer 29

rapids

Question 30

occur in sharp changes in gradients; form due to a fault or steep change; temporary base levels

Answer 30

water falls

Question 31

Causes deep channels and usually in upper course rivers

Answer 31

Vertical erosion

Question 32

Main stream with many interfingering channels
Shallow channels
usually in upper course

Answer 32

Braided streams

Question 33

U shaped channels; goes from straight to meanders, channels getting bigger; suspended load

Answer 33

middle course

Question 34

stream that forms when sediment load is too high but the gradient is low

Answer 34

Meanders

Question 35

Low gradient; suspended material; slow velocity,

Answer 35

Low course

Question 36

nature’s flood wall

Answer 36

Levees

Question 37

forms when a stream enters standing water; stream divides into a fan of dis tributaries; dominated by sediment

Answer 37

deltas

Question 38

no longer receive sediment; can be eroded; ruined by storms

Answer 38

abandoned deltas