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Geol 11 > Sedimentary Rock > Flashcards

Sedimentary Rock Flashcards

1
Q

Measure of energy of transporting agent

Proportionality

A

Grain size

Larger grain size, higher energy

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2
Q

Measure of angularity of the corners of the sediments; degree of transportation

Proportionality

A

Roundness

Rounder, higher distance

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3
Q

Measure of uniformity of grain size within the rock; degree of transportation and energy of transporting agent

Proportionality

A

Sorting

Well sorted - higher energy, higher distance traveled

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4
Q

Detrital sedimentary rock
(Rock equivalent)

Boulder  
Cobble   
Pebble
Granule
——————— 2mm
Sand  
——————— 0.06mm
Silt/clay
A

Detrital sedimentary rock

Boulder   Conglomerate (rounded)
Cobble    Brecia ( angular)
Pebble
Granule
——————— 2mm
Sand   Sandstone
——————— 0.06mm
Silt/clay   Mudstone
                 Siltstone/ claystone
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5
Q

Detrital sedimentary rock
Sediment equivalent

  Conglomerate (rounded)
   Brecia ( angular)
——————— *
  Sandstone
——————— *
  Mudstone
  Siltstone/ claystone
A

Detrital sedimentary rock

Boulder   Conglomerate (rounded)
Cobble    Brecia ( angular)
Pebble
Granule
——————— 2mm
Sand   Sandstone
——————— 0.06mm
Silt/clay   Mudstone
                 Siltstone/ claystone
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6
Q

Biochemical sedimentary rocks

Clasts vs matrix vs coal

A

Clast - large grains
Matrix - fine-grained (including cement)
Coal - organic sedimentary rock

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7
Q 
Composition
Limestone-
Chert -
Dolostone - 
Evaporates -
A

Limestone- carbonate
Chert - siliceous materials
Dolostone - Mg-rich carbonate
Evaporates - halides/sulfates

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8
Q
    • carbonate
    • siliceous materials
    • Mg-rich carbonate
    • halides/sulfates
A

Limestone- carbonate
Chert - siliceous materials
Dolostone - Mg-rich carbonate
Evaporates - halides/sulfates

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9
Q

Layer of accumulated sediments separated by bedding planes; characteristic feature of sedimentary rocks

  • competency, * grain size
A

Bed/strata

Proportional

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10
Q

Particles within a single sedimentary layer gradually change from coarse (bottom) to fine (top)

Normal
Reverse

A

Graded beds

Normal: T fine, B coarse
Reverse

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11
Q

Characteristics bedding type of dunes, river deltas, etc

A

Cross beds

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12
Q

Small waves of sand

A

Ripple marks

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13
Q

Environment of deposition in alternating wet and dry periods

A

Desiccation cracks

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14
Q

Other types

A

Sole marks
Imbrication
Bioturbation and ichnofossils

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Geol 11 (20 decks)

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