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Geol 11 > Lecture 4: Minerals > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Minerals are:

A 
Naturally occurring
Inorganic
Homogeneous solid
Definite chemical composition
Ordered internal structure
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2
Q

“All _______ are ________ but not all _________ are __________”

crystals, minerals

A

All minerals are crystals but not all crystals are minerals

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3
Q

different minerals, same composition, different structure

A

Polymorphism

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4
Q

different minerals, different composition, same structure

A

Isomorphism

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5
Q

Give example of polymorphism

A

Pyrite and Marcasite (FeS2)

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6
Q

Give example of isomorphism

A

Halite and Pyrite

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7
Q

Building block of mineral that repeats itself

A

unit cell

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8
Q

Mineral-like substances which are either amorphous (no crystalline structure) or organic in nature

A

Mineraloid

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9
Q

Mineraloid difference in minerals

A

Either amorphous (no crystalline structure) or organic

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10
Q

A property of mineral that is caused by the absorption or reflection of light; it is not a reliable diagnostic property

A

color

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11
Q

Mineral color is observed as shades of one color

A

Idiochromatic

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12
Q

mineral colors may be varied

A

Allochromatic

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13
Q

color of a mineral in powdered form (streak plate)

A

Streak

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14
Q

*metallic mineral: _____ streak

A

dark colored streaks

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15
Q

non-metallic mineral: ________ streak

A

white streak

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16
Q

A property of mineral that is defined as the ability of minerals to reflect light

A

Luster

17
Q

coherent reflection of light =

A

brighter = more luster

18
Q

Refers to the state of being opaque, translucent, and/or transparent

A

Diaphaneity

19
Q

shapes and aggregates that a certain mineral is likely to form

A

Habit

20
Q

resistance to scratching or abrasion

A

Hardness

21
Q

Moh’s scale of Hardness:

A 
10 - Diamond
9 - Corundum
8 - Topaz
7 – Quartz
	6.5 – streak plate
6 – Orthoclase
	5.5 – Glass and knife blade
5 – Apatite
	4.5 – wire nail
4 – Fluorite
	3.5 – Copper penny
3 – Calcite
	2.5 - Fingernail
2 - Gypsum
1 – Talc
22
Q

How do the hardness of the index materials increase in the Moh’s scale

A

It increases exponentially

23
Q

smooth, repetitive, planar (or parallel) planes where chemical bonds are weak or where a mineral would tend to break or cleave.

A

Cleavage

24
Q

To satisfy the definition of cleavage, it must be

A

Smooth, repetitive, planar (or parallel)

25
Q

when chemical bond are uniform in strength in all directions

A

Fracture

26
Q

“when you don’t have cleavage, you have _____”

A

fracture

27
Q

Other properties of Minerals:

A

Specific Gravity
Effervescence
Magnetism

28
Q

Specific gravity =

A

volume of substance/ weight of the same volume of water

29
Q

Define effervescence

A

Reaction of acid (fizz sound); of carbonate (CaCO3) calcite

30
Q

Give examples of luster

A

metallic (very coherent reflection of light), submetallic (medyo), vitreous (glass-like), greasy (oily), silky, pearly, earthy (hindi nagrereflect ng light), resinous (amber: Sphalerite)
MS V GaSPER

31
Q

What is the habit of olivine?

A

Saccharoidal (sugar-like)

Olivine: main component of peridotites or mantle rock

32
Q

Give examples of habit

A

bladed, prismatic, fibrous, banded, botryoidal, acicular, saccharoidal, cubic, platty, rosette

FB SA PBB CPR

33
Q

Color and streak of pyrite

A

Brass yellow color, greenish black streak

34
Q

Example of mineraloid

A

Pearls and Obsidian

35
Q

What is the luster of Sphalerite (ZnS)

A

Resinous (amber)

36
Q

Why do crystals differ in habit

A

Because habit is based on the ratio of your x,y,z axes

37
Q

Important source of Titanium

A

Ilmenite

38
Q

Color of

Azurite, Sulfur, Emerald

A

Blue, Yellow, Green

39
Q

Color of

Tangerine Quartz, Amethyst, Garnet

A

Orange, Purple, Red

Geol 11 (20 decks)

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