Lecture 4.1: Minerals

Question 1

Elements composing majority of rock forming minerals:

Answer 1

O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K

Question 2

Silicate formula

Answer 2

(SiO4)-4

Question 3

Isolated tetrahedra whose name from Greek word

* means island

Answer 3

nesosilicate, nesogaean

Question 4

Si-O tetrahedra sharing with Mg2+,Fe2+ or Ca2+

Example

Answer 4

Nesosilicate

Garnet, olivine

Question 5

Structure possessing parallel single (1:3) or double chains (2 5:5 or 4:11)
Example

Answer 5

Inosilicates

pyroxene and amphiboles

Question 6

Structure possessing parallel sheets of silicate tetrahedra (2:5)
Example

Answer 6

Phyllosilicate

mica(s): Biotite, Muscovite

Question 7

Structure possessing a three dimensional framework (1:2)

Example

Answer 7

Tectosilicates

Quartz, Feldspar

Question 8

most common silicate in the crust

Answer 8

Feldspar

Question 9

Non-silicates

Answer 9

Sulfides
Oxides
Sulfates
Halides
Phosphates
Carbonates
Native element

Question 10

(Brief def)
Sulfides
Oxides
Sulfates
Halides
Phosphates
Carbonates
Native element

Answer 10

metallic luster, opaque: ore 
Mined for Iron, ore + metal
Evaporitic setting (highly saline waters evaporate)
evaporating setting
Living organism (fish)
Abundant in marine environment + cave
Single element minerals: Gold, silver

Question 11

False gold because of color

Gangue mineral

Answer 11

Pyrite (FeS2)

Question 12

(Example)
Sulfides
Oxides
Sulfates
Halides
Phosphates
Carbonates
Native element

Answer 12

Galena (PbS): Specific gravity
Hematite (Fe2O3), Magnetite (Magnetism)
Barite (BaSo4) Specific gravity, CaSO4 * H20 anhydrite (gypsum)
Fluorite, Halite
Apatite (hardness)
Calcite (cleavage direction)

Question 13

Divided based on the negatively charged ion or complex ion that the members have in common

Answer 13

Non-silicates

Question 14

they form long patterns

Answer 14

Silicates, polymerization