Common rock-forming minerals Flashcards
Olivine (Mg,Fe)2SiO4
Cleavage/Fracture:
Silicate structure:
Color/Luster:
Cleavage/Fracture: None, conchoidal fracture
Silicate structure: single tetrahedra
Color/Luster: black to olive green, glassy
Pyroxene group: (Mg,Fe,Ca,Na)AlSiO3
Cleavage/Fracture:
Silicate structure:
Color/Luster:
Cleavage/Fracture: Two planes at 90
Silicate structure: single chain
Color/Luster: black, opaque
Amphibole group Ca2 (Fe,Mg)5Si8O22(OH)2 (Hornblende) Cleavage/Fracture: Silicate structure: Color/Luster:
Cleavage/Fracture: Two planes at 60, 90
Silicate structure: double chain
Color/Luster: dark green to black
Biotite K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Cleavage/Fracture:
Silicate structure:
Color/Luster:
Cleavage/Fracture: one plane
Silicate structure: sheets
Color/Luster: Dark color
Muscovite KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Cleavage/Fracture:
Silicate structure:
Color/Luster:
Cleavage/Fracture:one plane
Silicate structure: sheets
Color/Luster: pearly luster
Potassium feldspar KAlSi3O8 (Orthoclase) Cleavage/Fracture: Silicate structure: Color/Luster:
Cleavage/Fracture: two planes at 90
Silicate structure: three-dimensional framework
Color/Luster: pink, no striations
Plagioclase (Ca,Na)AlSi3O8
Cleavage/Fracture:
Silicate structure:
Color/Luster:
Cleavage/Fracture: two planes at 90
Silicate structure: three-dimensional framework
Color/Luster: white to medium gray, with striations
Quartz SiO2
Cleavage/Fracture:
Silicate structure:
Color/Luster:
Cleavage/Fracture: none, conchoidal fracture
Silicate structure: three-dimensional framework
Color/Luster: milky (white)
Cleavage/Fracture: None, conchoidal fracture
Silicate structure: single tetrahedra
Color/Luster: black to olive green, glassy
Olivine (Mg,Fe)2SiO4
Cleavage/Fracture: Two planes at 90
Silicate structure: single chain
Color/Luster: black, opaque
Pyroxene group: (Mg,Fe,Ca,Na)AlSiO3
Cleavage/Fracture: Two planes at 60, 90
Silicate structure: double chain
Color/Luster: dark green to black
Amphibole group Ca2 (Fe,Mg)5Si8O22(OH)2
Cleavage/Fracture: one plane
Silicate structure: sheets
Color/Luster: Dark color
Biotite K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 (mica)
Cleavage/Fracture:one plane
Silicate structure: sheets
Color/Luster: pearly luster
Muscovite KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 (mica)
Cleavage/Fracture: two planes at 90
Silicate structure: three-dimensional framework
Color/Luster: pink, no striations
Potassium feldspar KAlSi3O8 (orthoclase)
Cleavage/Fracture: two planes at 90
Silicate structure: three-dimensional framework
Color/Luster: white to medium gray, with striations
Plagioclase (Ca,Na)AlSi3O8
Cleavage/Fracture: none, conchoidal fracture
Silicate structure: three-dimensional framework
Color/Luster: milky (white)
Quartz SiO2
Mt. Mayon type of volcano
stratovolcano
Mt. Pinatubo type of volcano
caldera
Taal volcano type of volcano
caldera
how many active volcanoes?
24
rate of seafloor spreading
5 cm/ year
(1984 Mt. Mayon) Eruption
Palean type
(1991 Mt. Pinatubo) Eruption
Plinian type
mount kanlaon, mt bulusan
phreatic
volcanic ash
less than 2 mm (0.05 in)
lapilli (cinders)
2-64 mm
volcanic bombs and volcanic block
more than 64 mm (2.5 in)
round, sharp