Sedatives- Hypnotics

Question 0

Phenobarbital

Answer 0

Barbiturate
Long acting
Anticonvulsant

Question 1

Pentobarbital

Answer 1

Barbiturate

Question 2

Secobarbital

Answer 2

Barbiturate

Question 3

Thiopental

Answer 3

Barbiturate
Very short acting
Induction of anesthesia

Question 4

Diazepam

Answer 4

Benzodiazepines: anti anxiety (Valium) - long duration , active metabolites (nordiazepam).
Muscle relaxant: local m. trauma, adjunct in chronic spasticity
Anti-convulsant- GABA agonist. IV DOC for status epilepticus
Acute alcohol withdrawal tx
Preg Cat D

Question 5

Chlordiazepoxide

Answer 5

Benzodiazepine: anti anxiety.
Long duration of action, active metabolites (nordiazepam)
Acute alcohol withdrawal tx (DOC for DT prevention)

Question 6

Alprazolam

Answer 6

Benzodiazepine: anti anxiety (Xanax)
Intermediate duration
Use in anxiety + depression

Question 7

Lorazepam

Answer 7

Benzodiazepine: anti anxiety
Intermediate duration, directly conjugated
Anticonvulsant- GABA agonist, IV DOC for status epilepticus
Acute alcohol withdrawal tx
Preg Cat. D

Question 8

Oxazepam

Answer 8

Benzodiazepine: anti anxiety.
Intermediate duration.
Acute alcohol tx: use if liver damage present

Question 9

Chlorazepate

Answer 9

Benzodiazepine: anti anxiety
Active metabolite (nordiazepam)

Question 10

Clonazepam

Answer 10

Benzodiazepine: anti anxiety
Active metabolite (nordiazepam)
Anti-convulsant - GABA agonist, IV DOC for status epilepticus
Preg Cat. D

Question 11

Midazolam

Answer 11

Benzodiazepine: anti anxiety
Very short acting
Sedation Anesthesia Amnesia

Question 12

Flurazepam

Answer 12

Benzodiazepine: anti anxiety
Very long-acting- drug hangover
For early awakening insomnia

Question 13

Estazolam

Answer 13

Benzodiazepine: anti anxiety

Question 14

Temazepam

Answer 14

Benzodiazepine: anti anxiety. For insomnia

Question 15

Triazolam

Answer 15

Benzodiazepine: anti anxiety. Short acting, for insomnia (trouble falling asleep), psychosis if chronic. Rebound insomnia.

Question 16

Flumazemil

Answer 16

Benzodiazepine antagonist. Administer very slowly, IV/3min. Reverse Midazolam. Also reverses effect of -zolpidem, -zaleplom, eszopiclone. Withdrawal and seizures in BDZ, barbiturate, EtOH dependent pt, epilepsy or TCA od.

Question 17

Nordiazepam

Answer 17

= Desmethyldiazepam. Active metabolite of Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam, Prazepam, Chlorazepate. Long duration of action.

Question 18

Zolpidem

Answer 18

BZ1 receptor benzo
short term insomnia tx
very rapid action (blackout),1/2 dose in women, sleep-eating/driving

Question 19

Zaleplon

Answer 19

BZ1 receptor benzo - sedative
short term tx for insomnia
very rapid action (blackout), 1/2 dose in women, sleep-eating/driving

Question 20

Eszopiclone

Answer 20

Sedative - less selective for BZ1
long-term tx of insomnia
long T1/2 (morning impairement), rebound insomnia (chronic use)

Question 21

Buspirone

Answer 21

Anti-anxiolytic & partial agonist a 5HT1a - some antidepressant action
For anxiety, PMS, autism, recovering addicts/alcoholics (but not for withdrawal)
No sedation or memory impairement, takes 2-3wk to start working

Question 22

Chloral Hydrate

Answer 22

Sedative -

low margin of safety, used in nursing homes

Question 23

Propanolol

Answer 23

B-blocker

Performance anxiety, stage fright

Question 24

Ramelteon

Answer 24

Melatonin analogue

resets sleep-wake cycle, liver met, inc prolactin, dec testosterone, adenocortical insufficiency in longterm use