Sedatives and Hypnotics (3 Benzo_1 Diss_3 Misc) Flashcards
Diazepam
Brand Name: Valium
Classification: Benzodiazepine (Schedule IV)
Action: Binds to Type A GABA receptors, causing sedation
Indications: Anxiety, Seizures, Sedation, Muscle relaxation
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
Dose: 2-10 mg
Routes: IV, IM, IO, PO, rectal
Adverse Effects: Hypotension, Sedation, Amnesia, Respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting
Other: Incompatible with other medication because it is not water soluble. Can cause irritation with injection. Flumazenil is an antagonist
Midazolam
Brand Name: Versed
Classification: Benzodiazepine (Class IV)
Action: Binds to Type A GAGA receptors, causing sedations
Indications: Anxiety, Sedation, Seizures
Contraindications: History of Hypersensitivity
Dose: 1-5 mg
Routes: IV, IM, IO
Adverse Effects: Hypotension, Sedation, Amnesia, Amnesia, Respiratory Depression, Nausea, Vomiting
Other: Flumazenil is an antagonist
Lorazepam
Brand Name: Ativan
Classification: Benzodiazepine (Schedule IV)
Action: Binds to Type A GABA receptors, causing sedation
Indications: Anxiety, Sedation, Seizures
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
Dose: 1-4 mg
Routes: IV, IM, IO, PO, rectal
Adverse Effects: Hypotension, Sedation, Amnesia, Respiratory depression, Nausea, Vomiting
Other: Flumazenil is an antagonist
Ketamine
Brand Name: Ketalar
Classification: Dissociative Anesthetic (Schedule III)
Action: Causes Dissociation between the cortical and limbic system
Indications: Sedation and Analgesia
Contraindications: History of Hypersensitivity and Hypertension
Dose: 0.5-2 mg/kg(IV) 2-4 mg/kg(IM)
Routes: IV and IM
Adverse Effects: Hallucinations
Other: All monitors should be in place. Resuscitative Equipment should be immediate available.
Nitrous Oxide
Brand Name: Nitrous Oxide
Classification: Sedative/anesthetic gas
Action: CNS depressant
Indications: Pain and Sedation
Contraindications: COPD, Pneumothorax, Bowel obstruction
Dose: Self-Administered
Routes: Inhalation
Adverse Effects: Dizziness, Hallucinations, Nausea, Vomiting, Altered Mental Status
Other: Should not be used in any patient who cannot comprehend verbal instructions or who is intoxicated with alcohol or other medications
Propofol
Brand Name: Diprivan
Classification: Nonbarbiturate, nonbenzodiazepine sedative
Action: Uncertain, Appears to potentiate GABA receptors
Indications: Sedation
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to drug or egg/soy products
Dose: 25-75 mcg/kg/min
Routes: IV
Adverse: pain on induction, nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression
Other: all monitors in place, resuscitation equipment should be immediately available
Etomidate
Brand Name: Amidate
Classification: Nonbarbiturate, nonbenzodiazepine sedative
Action: Appears to modulate GABA receptors
Indications: Sedation
Contraindications: History of Hypersensitivity
Dose: 0.1-0.3 mg/kg
Routes: IV
Adverse Effects: Myoclonic jerks, Respiratory Depression, Laryngospasm
Other: Does not have analgesic properties. Calcium-channel blockers can prolong respiratory depression. Can cause increased cortisol levels. All monitors should be in place. Resuscitative equipment should be immediately available.
