Sedative/ hypnotics

Question 1

Sedative

Answer 1

agent that quiets excitement, by calming mind and body

Question 2

Hypnotic

Answer 2

induces sleep

Question 3

general anesthetic

Answer 3

total loss of sensation

Question 4

anticonvulsant

Answer 4

stops or decreases incidents of seizures

Question 5

Barbiturate CNS

Answer 5

• initial effect is excitement
• thereafter depressant effect
• sleep induction- but decreased REM sleep
  
  • prolonged use leads to irritability, restlessness, and nightmares
  • use should not exceed 7 days
• hyperalgesia
  
  • opposite of eralgesia which blocks pain
  • this drug increases pain

Question 6

Barbiturates

Answer 6

• general anesthetic
  
  • fast acting with speedy recovery
  • poor analgesia
• anticonvulsant
  
  • inhibits convulsion at doses below sdative/hypnotic dose
• toxic level decrease respiratory drive

Question 7

Barbiturate

Answer 7

• Hepatic effect
  
  • metabolic induction speeds up metabolism of other agents
• dependency
• therapeutic uses
  
  • sedative/ hypnotic
  • anticonvulsant
  • general anesthetic

Question 8

benzodiazepines

Answer 8

• stimulates GABA receptors (inhibitory pathway)
• advantages
  
  • higher therapeutic index (safer)
  • no effect on hepatic metabolism
  • no fatalities from overdose by itself
  • minimal to no effect on REM sleep
• Side effects- Drowsiness, increased hositility

NOTE:

• adverse reaction
• occurs before a procedure
  
  • pediatric and geriactic

Question 9

benzodiazepines

Answer 9

• withdrawal- hyperexcitability, tapering may take months to a year
• therapeutic use
  
  • sedative/ hypnotic
  • anticonvulsant
  • alcohol withdrawal
  • premedicate prior to procedure
  • muscle relaxant

Question 10

Chloral hydrate

Answer 10

• Low therapeutic index
• not useful as an anticonvulsant
• toxicities may cause severe respiratory depression

Question 11

Buspirone

Answer 11

antianxiety with no sedation and no abuse potential