Security in the Contemporary World Flashcards

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1
Q

Traditional security:Internal security

A

Importance:
- Varied over time
- Depended on context and situation
[Threats from groups or communities within borders. ex:Examples: civil wars, rebellions, revolutions]

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2
Q

Traditional security:external security

A

Importance
-Increased after World War II
-Involved global and regional conflicts.

[Threats from other countries or alliances e.g.Cold War, NATO, Warsaw Pact]

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3
Q

US-led Western alliance:Feared military attack from Soviet-led alliance

A

Supported capitalism and democracy
- Examples: NATO, France, UK, West Germany

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4
Q

Soviet-led Communist alliance:Feared military attack from US-led alliance

A

Supported communism and socialism
Examples: Warsaw Pact, USSR, China, East Germany

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5
Q

Decolonisation:European powers

A

-Faced violence from colonised people
-Tried to maintain control over colonies
Examples: France in Vietnam, UK in Kenya

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6
Q

Colonised people:demanded independence from European powers

A

Resisted colonial rule and oppression
Examples: Viet Minh, Mau Mau

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7
Q

security challenges in : Europe

A

Different from Asia and Africa
| |– Involved Cold War alliances
| |– Faced external threats from other countries or alliances

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8
Q

security challenges : Asia and Africa

A

Different from Europe
Faced external and internal threats
[Between
1946 and 1991, there was a
twelve-fold rise in the number of
civil wars—the greatest jump in
200 years]

Examples of external threats

    Military conflict with neighbours
     Border and territorial disputes
     Control of people and populations **Examples of internal threats**  Separatist movements
          |-- Civil wars
          |-- Merging of external and internal threats
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9
Q

TRADITIONAL SECURITY AND
COOPERATION

A
  • Countries should respect the lives and rights of non-combatants and enemies
  • Countries should avoid excessive or unnecessary violence
  • self-defence or to protect other
    people from genocide.
  • disarmament, arms control, and
    confidence building.
  • Arms control regulates the
    acquisition or development of
    weapons.
  • confidence building as a
    means of avoiding violence.
    Confidence building is a process
    in which countries share ideas
    and information with their rivals.

  • traditional conceptions
    of security are principally
    concerned with the use, or threat
    of use, of military force. In
    traditional security, force is both
    the principal threat to security
    and the principal means of
    achieving security
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10
Q

Disarmament related treaty -

A
  • the 1972 Biological
    Weapons Convention (BWC)
  • the 1992 Chemical Weapons
    Convention (CWC)
    banned the
    production and possession of
    these weapons.
  • The Anti-ballistic
    Missile (ABM) Treaty in 1972
  • NPT - 1967

** 155
states acceded to the BWC and
181 states acceded to the CWC.**

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11
Q

NON-TRADITIONAL NOTIONS:

A

Non-traditional views
of security have been called
‘human security’ or ‘global
security

Human security is about the
protection of people more than the
protection of states.

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12
Q

HUMAN SECURITY : PROPOENET OF NARROW AND BROAD

A
  • Proponents of
    the ‘narrow’ concept of human
    security focus on violent
    threats to individuals
  • Proponents of
    the ‘broad’ concept of human
    security argue that the threat
    agenda should include
    hunger, disease and natural
    disasters because these kill far
    more people than war, genocide
    and terrorism combined.

UN Secretary-General Kofi
Annan puts it,
“the protection of
communities and individuals from
internal violence”**

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13
Q

GLOBAL SECURITY:

A

WORLD WORK TOGETHER TO SOLVE ISSUES THAT CAN’T BE SOLVED WITHOUT - COOPERATION B/W COUNTRIES .

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14
Q

Terrorism?

A
  • political
    violence thattargets civilians
    deliberately and indiscriminately
    .
    International terrorism involves
    the citizens or territory of more
    than one country.

  • 11 September 2001 when terrorists
    attacked the World Trade Centre in
    America.
  • most of the
    terror attacks have occurred in the
    Middle East, Europe, Latin
    America and South Asia
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15
Q

Human rights have come to
be classified into three types. WHAT ARE THOSE ?

A
  • first type is political rights such as
    freedom of speech and assembly
    .
  • The second type is economic and
    social rights.
  • The third type is the
    rights of colonised people or ethnic
    and indigenous minorities
    .

  • there is no
    agreement on which set of rights
    should be considered as universal.
  • Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait,
    the genocide in Rwanda.
  • Indonesian military’s killing of
    people in East Timor
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16
Q

Global poverty?

A

half of world population- 6 countries-India, China,
Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh
and Indonesia.

* gap between
the Northern and Southern
countries of the world.

** sub-Saharan Africa,
which is also the poorest region
of the world.**
* migration to
seek a better life, especially better
economic opportunities, in the
North.

17
Q

People who have fled their
homes but remain within national
borders are called‘internally
displaced people’.
example ?

A

Kashmiri
Pandits that fled the violence in the
Kashmir Valley in the early 1990s
are an example of an internally
displaced community.

  • From 1990 to
    1995, 70 states were involved in
    93 wars which killed about 55 lakh
    people.
  • in the 1990s, all but
    three of the 60 refugee flows
    coincided with an internal
    armed conflict.
18
Q

Health epidemics?

A
  • By 2003, an estimated 4 crore
    people were infected with HIVAIDS worldwide,** two-thirds of
    them in Africa and half of the rest
    in South Asia.**
  • North America
    and other industrialised countries,
    new drug therapies dramatically
    lowered the death rate from HIVAIDS in the late 1990s.
  • africa condition remain stagnated.

  • late 1990s,
    Britain has lost billions of dollars
    of income during an outbreak of
    the mad-cow disease, and bird flu.
  • countries in
    **
    adults has the disease (one iSouthern Africa, HIV-AIDS poses
    a serious threat **as one in sixn three
    for Botswana, the worst case)
  • 1994, the Tutsi tribe in Rwanda
    faced a threat to its existence as
    nearlyfive lakh of its people were
    killed by the rival Hutu tribe
    in a
    matter of weeks.
19
Q

security
strategy has four broad
components:INDIA’S SECURITY STRATEGY

A
  • its military capabilities
    because India has been involved
    in conflicts with its neighbours.[Pakistan in 1947–48, 1965, 1971
    and 1999; China in 1962
    ]
  • India’s security strategy has been
    to strengthen international norms
    and international institutions to
    protect its security interests.[It argued for
    an equitable New International
    Economic Order (NIEO)
    .][India** joined 160**
    countries that have signed and
    ratified the 1997 Kyoto Protocol,
    which provides a roadmap for
    reducing the emissions of
    greenhouse gases ]
  • geared
    towards meeting security challenges within the country.
    Several militant groups from areas
    such as the Nagaland, Mizoram,
    the Punjab, and Kashmir
    among
    others have, from time to time,
    sought to break away from India.
  • there has been an
    attempt in India to develop its
    economy in a way that the vast
    mass of citizens are lifted out of
    poverty and misery and huge
    economic inequalities are not
    allowed to exist.
20
Q

. India first tested a
nuclear device in

A

1974