International Organisations Flashcards
United Nations’ logo Signifies -
The emblem has a world map
with olive branches around it, signifying world peace.
ineffectiveness of the United Nations Organisation,
usually referred to as the UN, in
lebonon crisi 2006
“The United Nations was not
created to take humanity to
heaven, but to save it from hell.”
who said this -
Dag Hammarskjold, the UN’s
second Secretary-General.
“Talking shop? Yes, there are
a lot of speeches and meetings at
the U.N., especially during the
annual sessions of the General
Assembly. But as Churchill put it,
jaw-jaw is better than war-war.
Isn’t it better to have one place
where all… countries in the world
can get together, bore each other
sometimes with their words rather
than bore holes into each other on
the battlefield?” —
— Shashi Tharoor,
the former UN Under-SecretaryGeneral for Communications and
Public Information.
Signing of the Atlantic Charter by the US President
Franklin D. Roosevelt and British PM Winston S. Churchill
1941, august
26 Allied nations fighting against the Axis
Powers meet in washington DC to support the Atlantic
Charter and sign the ‘Declaration by United Nations’
1942 jan
Tehran Conference Declaration of the
Three Powers (US, Britain and Soviet Union)
1943 DEC
Yalta Conference of the ‘Big Three’
(Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin) decides to organise a United
Nations conference on the proposed world organisation
1945,FEB
The 2-month long United Nations Conference on
International Organisation at San Francisco
1945 - [april and may]
Signing of the UN Charter by 50 nations
(Poland signed on October 15; so the UN has 51 original
founding members)
26 june 1945
: the UN was founded (hence October 24 is
celebrated as UN Day
1945 October 24
India joins the UN
1945 October 30
league of nation was born but could not prevent second world war in
The UN was founded as a
successor to the League of
Nations.
(1939-45).
By ………… the UN had 192
member states. These includeed
almost all independent states. In
the UN General Assembly, all
members have one vote each.
2006
have five permnent members includes -the United States, Russia, the
United Kingdom, France and
China.
is the first Asian to hold
the post since 1971 - as UN SECRETARY
- Ban Ki-Moon from South Korea.
- He is the eighth Secretary-General
of the UN. - Took office in 1 January
2007.
Present IN SECRETARY
António Guterres, who has been serving as the secretary-general of the United Nations since 1 January 2017
PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF UN -
The UNO has six principal organs:
The General Assembly (GA):
The Security Council (SC):
The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC):
The International Court of Justice (ICJ)
The Secretariat
REFORMS IN UN
- reform of the
organisation’s structures and
processes. - review of the
issues that fall within the
jurisdiction of the organisation.
there are proposals to increase
membership from Asia, Africa and
South America. Beyond this, the
US and other Western countries
want improvements in the UN’s
budgetary procedures and its
administration.
. In 1992, the UN
General Assembly adopted a
resolution. The resolution
reflected three main complaints:
- The Security Council no longer
represents contemporary
political realities. - Its decisions reflect only
Western values and interests
and are dominated by a few
powers. - It lacks equitable representation.
WHEN DID INQUIRY STARTED IN ORDER TO - THREE COMPLAINTS OF 1992 RESOLUTION
restructuring of
the UN, on 1 January 1997, the
UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan.
. A new member,
it has been suggested, should be:
- A major economic power
- A major military power
- A substantial contributor to
the UN budget - A big nation in terms of its
population - A nation that respects
democracy and human rights - A country that would
make the Council more
representative of the world’s
diversity in terms of
geography, economic systems,
and culture.
ACTION TAKEN IN - 2005 UN ANNIVERSARY
- Establishment of a Human
Rights Council (operational
since 19 June 2006) - Creation of a Democracy Fund
- An agreement to wind up the
Trusteeship Council - 2005 - Creation of a Peacebuilding
Commission
membership of the UN
Security Council was expanded
from 11 to 15 in
1965
SUPORT INDIA - A PERMANENT MEMBER
Brazil,
Germany, Japan, perhaps even
South Africa.
G4 [BRAZIL GERMANY JAPAN AND INDIA ]
** US is
considerable. As the single largest
contributor to the UN, the US has
unmatched financial power**
Human Rights Watch
international NGO involved in
research and advocacy on
human rights. It is the largest
international human rights
organisation in the US.
It draws the global media’s
attention to human rights abuses
Amnesty
International
- Amnesty International is an NGO
that campaigns for the
protection of human rights all
over the world. - Governments are not always happy with these
reports since a major focus of Amnesty is the
misconduct of government authorities.
IAEA
The International Atomic Energy
Agency (IAEA)
- 1957
- US President Dwight
Eisenhower’s “Atoms for Peace”
proposal.
The World Trade Organisation
(WTO)
- This organisation
was set up in 1995 as the
successor to the General Agreement on Trade
and Tariffs (GATT) created after the Second
World War. - 150 members
- US, EU and Japan have
managed to use the WTO to frame rules of trade
to advance their own interests.
World Bank
- 1945
- It provides
loans and grants to the member-countries - focused on the developing
countries.
Trygve Lie(1946-1952)
Norway; lawyer and
foreign minister; worked for ceasefire
between India and Pakistan on Kashmir;
Dag Hammarskjöld(1953-1961)
Sweden;
Economist and lawyer; worked for resolving
the Suez Canal dispute and the
decolonisation of Africa; awarded** Nobel
Peace Prize posthumously in 1961**
U Thant(1961-1971)
Burma (Myanmar);
teacher and diplomat;
established the UN
Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus
Kurt Waldheim(1972-1981)
Austria; diplomat
and foreign minister;
oversaw the relief operation in Bangladesh;
China blocked his bid for a third term
Javier Perez de Cuellar(1982-1991)
- Peru;
lawyer and diplomat; - worked for peace in
Cyprus, Afghanistan and El Salvador;
mediated between Britain and Argentina
after the Falklands War - negotiated for the
independence of Namibia.
Boutros Boutros-Ghali(1992-1996)
- Egypt;
diplomat, jurist, foreign minister; issued a
report, **An Agenda for Peace; ** - UN operation in Mozambique;
blamed for the UN failures in Bosnia, Somalia
and Rwanda. - US blocked a second term for him
Kofi A. Annan (1997-2006) Ghana
UN
official; created the Global Fund to fight
AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
* US-led invasion of Iraq as an illegal act
* Human Rights Council in 2005;
awarded the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize
