END OF BIOPOLARITY Flashcards
WHEN DID BERLIN WALL FALL ?
1989
REPRESENT TWO ECO - CAPITALIST AND SOCIALIST
8 EAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES replaced there govt. - from communist
when did berlin wall was built ?
1961 - 150 km long
wall stood for 28 years
broken in : 9 November 1989.
The Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (USSR) came into being
after the
socialist revolution in - 1917
ideals of socialism,
as opposed to capitalism, and the
need for an egalitarian society
what is Second
World or the ‘socialist bloc
After the Second World War,
the east European countries that
the Soviet army had liberated from
the fascist forces came under the
control of the USSR.
The Soviet
invasion of Afghanistan in
1979
Mikhail Gorbachev, who had
become General Secretary of the
Communist Party of the Soviet
Union in
1985
sought to reform
A coup took place in ……… that
was encouraged by Communist
Party hardliners after mikhail gorbachev reform failure .
1991 by boris Yeltsin
emerged as a national hero in
opposing this coup.
- Russian
Republic, where Yeltsin won a
popular election, began to shake
off centralised control.*
In………….,
under the leadership of Yeltsin,
………………………,
three major republics of the
USSR, declared that the Soviet
Union was disbanded.
dec 1991
russia
ukraine and belarus
** The
Communist Party of the Soviet
Union was banned. **
after disintegration of soviet what formation left asian powers in shocked ?
formation of the Commonwealth
of Independent States (CIS)
which country was successor of ussr ?
Russia
It inherited the Soviet seat
in the UN Security Council.
only nuclear state of the postSoviet space
why soviet disintegrate ?
1.internal weaknesses of Soviet
political and economic institutions and stagnation ,
which failed to meet the
aspirations of the people.
2. lack of democracy
why ? its resources in
maintaining a nuclear and
military arsenal and the
development of its satellite states
in Eastern Europe and within the
Soviet system (the five Central
Asian Republics in particular).
immediate cause of soviet disintegration
various
republics including Russia and the
Baltic Republics (Estonia, Latvia
and Lithuania), Ukraine, Georgia,
and others proved to be the final
and most immediate cause for the
disintegration of the USSR.
baltic republics includes
estonia
latvia
lithuania
when did independence movement begins in Lithuania; later spreads to Estonia
and Latvia
1988
Soviet Union declares that the Warsaw Pact members are free
to decide their own futures; Berlin Wall falls in November
1989 oct
when did Gorbachev strips the Soviet Communist Party of its 72-year-long
monopoly on power by calling on the Soviet parliament (Duma) to permit multiparty politics?
1990 February
Lithuania becomes the first of the 15 Soviet republics to declare its
independence
1990 march
** Russian parliament** declares its independence from the Soviet Union
1990
Yeltsin, no longer in the Communist Party, becomes the President of
Russia.
1991,june
Three Baltic republics of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania become
UN members (later join NATO in March 2004)
1991, september
Gorbachev resigns as the President of the Soviet Union; the
end of the Soviet Union
25 dec, 1991
Russia, Belarus and Ukraine decide to annul the Treaty
on ……………… to form commonwealth of independent states
the 1922 Treaty
on the Creation of the USSR and establish the Commonwealth of Independent
States (CIS)
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan join the CIS (Georgia joins later in 1993); Russia
takes over the USSR seat in the United Nations
Mikhail
Gorbachev(Born 1931)
Last leader of the
Soviet Union
(1985-91)
1.policies of
perestroika
(restructuring)
and glasnost
(openness)
2.withdrew Soviet
troops from
Afghanistan and
eastern Europe
3.unification of
Germany.
Boris Yeltsin (Born
1931)
1.The first elected
President of
Russia (1991-
1999).
2. was made
the Mayor of
Moscow by
Gorbachev
what is SHOCK THERAPY IN
POST-COMMUNIST REGIMES
The model of
transition in Russia, Central Asia
and east Europe that was
influenced by the World Bank
and the IMF came to be known
as ‘shock therapy’.
CONSEQUENCES OF SHOCK
THERAPY
- 90 per cent of its industries
were put up for sale to private
individuals and companies.[‘the largest garage
sale in history’,]
2.The value of the ruble, the
Russian currency.
3.The
real GDP of Russia in 1999 was
below what it was in 1989.
The presidents of
………..
appointed themselves to power
first for ten years and then
extended it for another ten years.
Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan
major oil producres
Azerbaijan,
Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan
and Uzbekistan are major oil and gas
producers.
In Russia, two republics,
………………, have
had violent secessionist
movements.
Chechnya and Dagestan
Tajikistan
witnessed a civil war that went on
for ten years till
2001
In Azerbaijan’s province
of ………………, some local
Armenians want to secede and
join Armenia.
Nagorno-Karabakh
In Georgia, the
demand for independence has
come from …………..,
resulting in a civil war.
2 provinance
The Central Asian Republics are
areas what bought them economic benefits ?
vast hydrocarbon
resources
when did US started hiring bases in central asia
After 11
September 2001
helped in afganistan and iraq
In eastern Europe,
Czechoslovakia split peacefully
into two, with the …………. forming independent
countries.
Czechs and the
Slovaks
conflict in BALKAN REGION break into states namely -
Croatia, Slovenia
and Bosnia and Herzegovina
most severe
conflict took place in the Balkan
republics of Yugoslavia.
Serbs opposed this, and a
massacre of non-Serb Bosnians
followed.
More than………….. bilateral agreements have been signed
between India and Russia as part of the Indo-Russian
Strategic Agreement of 2001.
80
Russia helped India economically -
technical assistance for steel plants
like Bhilai, Bokaro, Visakhapatnam,
and machinery plants like Bharat
Heavy Electricals Ltd., etc. The Soviet
Union accepted Indian currency for
trade when India was short of foreign
exchange.
SOVIET POLITICAL SUPPORT TO INDIA
war with Pakistan in 1971.
Russia is important for
India’s nuclear energy plans and
assisted India’s space industry by
giving………….
the cryogenic
rocket
INDIA’S ENERGY IMPORT FROM -
Russia and the
republics of Kazakhstan and
Turkmenistan.
India is the second largest arms
market for Russia
