Alternative Centres of Power Flashcards
WHAT IS ‘MARSHALL PLAN’?
US plan in order to improve european economy
created a new
collective security structure
under NATO
European integration after 1945
the Marshall
Plan, the Organisation for
European Economic Cooperation(OEEC) was established in
1948
to channel aid to the west
European states
The Council of
Europe, established in……….,
was another step forward in
political cooperation.
1949
formation of the
European Economic Community
in
1957
establishment of the European
Union in .
1992
*The EU is the world’s
biggest economy with a GDP of
more than $12 trillion in 2005,
slightly larger than that of the
United States.
*HAS own flag , currency[euro] ,motto and anthem
EU MILITARY POWER
Two
members of the EU, Britain and
France, hold permanent seats on
the UN Security Council.[nuclear arsenals of
approximately 550 nuclear
warheads.]
*Its total
spending on defence is second
after the US. *
FLAG OF EU
The flag is a circle of 12 golden stars on a blue background, representing the unity of the peoples of Europe, peace and harmony]
INSTANCES OF EU AND MEMEBERS NOT BEING IN SAME TERMS -
1.Britain’s
Prime Minister Tony Blair was
America’s partner in the Iraq
invasion, and many of the EU’s
newer members made up the USled ‘coalition of the willing’
whereas Germany and France
opposed American policy.
2. Britain’s former prime
minister, Margaret Thatcher,
kept the UK out of the European
Market.
3. Denmark and Sweden
have resisted the Maastricht
Treaty and the adoption of the
euro, the common European
currency.
The EU has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2012
ASEAN new members taking its strength to 10
Brunei Darussalam,
Vietnam, Lao PDR, Myanmar
(Burma) and Cambodia joined
ASEAN taking its strength to ten[10]
what is ‘ASEAN
Way’?
** a form of interaction that is
informal, non-confrontationist and
cooperative.**
ASEAN moved
along the path of the EU by
agreeing to establish an ASEAN
Community comprising three
pillars, namely-
[2003]
1. the ASEAN
Security Community,
2. the ASEAN
Economic Community
3. the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community
ASEAN was established in
1967 by five countries
— Indonesia
Malaysia
the Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
by signing the
Bangkok Declaration
When did ASEAN had several
agreements in place by which
member states promised to uphold
peace, neutrality, cooperation,
non-interference, and respect for
national differences and sovereign
rights.
2003
The ASEAN Regional
Forum (ARF), which was
established in
1994
** Its Vision 2020 has
defined an outward-looking role
for ASEAN in the international
community**
India has tried to make
amends. It signed FTAs with two
ASEAN members,
singapore
thailand
It is trying to sign an
FTA with ASEAN itself.
China’s economic growth
-
People’s Republic of China in 1949,
following the communist revolution
under the leadership of Mao, its
economy was based on the Soviet
model. -
major moveChina ended its political
and economic isolation with the
establishment of relations with
the United States in 1972. - Premier Zhou Enlai proposed the
‘four modernisations’(agriculture,
industry, science and technology
and military) in 1973.
4.By 1978,
the then leader Deng Xiaoping
announced the ‘open door’ policy
and economic reforms in China.
China’s economic success since 1978 has
been linked to its rise as
*It is
projected to overtake the US as the
world’s largest economy by 2040.
Premier Zhou Enlai proposed the
four modernisations
‘four modernisations’(agriculture,
industry, science and technology
and military) in 1973.
leader Deng Xiaoping
announced the** ‘open door’ policy**
and economic reforms in China in
1978
when did china did privatisation of
agriculture and industry
The privatisation of
agriculture in 1982 was followed
by the privatisation of industry in
1998.
total of 6 SEZs in
China.
China’s accession to the WTO in 2001 has been a further
step in its opening to the outside
world.
stability of the
ASEAN economies after the 1997
financial crisis
Bilateral
trade between India and China
Bilateral
trade between India and China has
increased from $338 million in
1992 to more than $18 billion in
2006.
India’s nuclear tests in 1998
japan success
- the
second largest economy in the world.
2.It is the only Asian member of the
G-8. - It is the tenth most populous nation in the world.
- Japan has a security
alliance with the US since 1951.
As per Article 9 of the Japanese
Constitution
“the Japanese people forever renounce war as a
sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of
settling international disputes.”
when did country signed the Treaty of Paris establishing the European Coal and
Steel Community (ECSC).
[1951 April]Six west European countries, France, West
Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg
when did These six countries sign the Treaties of Rome
establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and
the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom)
1957, march 25
when did Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom
join the European Community (EC)
1973 jan
First direct elections to the European Parliament
1979 june
Greece joins the EC.
1981
The Schengen Agreement abolishes border
controls among the EC members.
1985 june
: Spain and Portugal join the EC
1986 jan
The Treaty of Maastricht was signed
establishing the European Union (EU).
1992 February 7
unnification of germany - 1990 oct
The single market was created for EU COUNTRIES. When?
1993
Austria, Finland and Sweden join the EU-1995
: Euro, the new currency, was introduced in
the 12 EU members.
2002 , jan
Ten new members, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia
and Slovenia join the EU.
2004 may
Bulgaria and Romania join the EU.
Slovenia adopts the Euro
2007 jan
