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PMLS > SECTIONS OF LABORATORY AND COMMONLY REQUESTED LABORATORY TESTS > Flashcards

SECTIONS OF LABORATORY AND COMMONLY REQUESTED LABORATORY TESTS Flashcards

1
Q
  • This section is intended for the testing of blood and other body fluids to quantify essential soluble CHEMICALS including waste products useful for the diagnosis of certain diseases
  • analyzes serum and plasma for chemical constituents to evaluate general health and disorders of body systems and organs
A

Clinical chemistry

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2
Q
  • for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
A

Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and Glycosylated Hemoglobin

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3
Q
  • High- and Low-Density Lipoprotein
  • Triglycerides
A

Total Cholesterol

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4
Q

For the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases

A

triglycerides

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5
Q

Elevated levels indicate kidney disorders or gout

A

blood uric acid

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6
Q

Elevated levels indicate kidney disorders

A

blood urea nitrogen

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7
Q

Elevated levels indicate kidney disorders

A

Creatinine

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8
Q

ALT means?

A

Alanine aminotransferase

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9
Q
  • Elevated levels indicate liver disorders
A

Aspartate aminotransferase

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10
Q
  • Elevated levels indicate BONE or LIVER disorders
A

Alkaline phosphatase

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11
Q
  • Elevated levels indicate liver or hemolytic disorders
A

Bilirubin

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12
Q

Elevated levels indicate early liver disorders

A

Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)

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13
Q

Elevated levels indicate myocardial infarction or lung or liver disorders

A

Lactic dehydrogenase

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14
Q

Elevated level indicate pancreatitis.

A

Amylase and lipase

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15
Q

Evaluate body fluid balance

A

Electrolyte (Na, K, Cl, CO2)

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16
Q

This section is subdivided into
four sections:
* Bacteriology
* Mycobacteriology
* Mycology and Virology
- Focused on the identification of bacteria and fungi on specimens received.
* Most samples are obtained from the blood, urine, throat, sputum, genitourinary tract, wounds, cerebrospinal fluid and feces

A

Microbiology

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17
Q

4 steps of primary stain

A
  1. Crystal violet
  2. Iodine
  3. Alcohol
  4. Safranin
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18
Q
  • This section deals with the enumeration of cells in the blood and other body fluids (e.g., CSF, pleural fluid, etc.)
  • Coagulation studies focus on blood testing for the determination of various coagulation factors
A

Hematology and Coagulation Studies

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19
Q

✓ the most common body fluid analyzed in this section and a specimen obtained by using a collection tubes with lavender stopper that contain ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) which inverted eight times.
✔The liquid portion of the blood is PLASMA if it is obtained from a sample that has been anticoagulated. Contains protein fibrinogen
✓If the sample is allowed to clot, the liquid portion is SERUM

A

Whole blood

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20
Q
  • Is the most common type of test performed in the Hematology section
  • Screening test to assess patient conditions such as INFECTIONS and MALIGNANCY.
A

Complete Blood Count

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21
Q

Determines the percentage of the different types of WBC and evaluates RBC and platelet morphology

A

differential

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22
Q

Determines the volume of RBC packed by CENTRIFUGATION

A

hematocrit

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23
Q

Determines the OXYGEN-carrying capacity of RBC

A

hemoglobin

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24
Q

Determines the hemoglobin in RBC amount of

A

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin

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25
Q

Determines the weight of hemoglobin in RBC and compares it with the size of the cell

A

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
concentration

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26
Q

Determines the size of RBC

A

Mean corpuscular volume

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27
Q

Determines the number of platelets in circulating blood

A

Platelet count

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28
Q

Determines the number of RBC in circulating blood

A

Red blood cell count

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29
Q

Calculation to determine
differences in the size of RBC

A

Red blood cell distribution width

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30
Q

Determines the number of WBC in circulating blood

A

White blood cell count

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31
Q

Determines the number and type of cells in bone marrow

A

Body fluid analysis

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32
Q

Determines the number and type of cells in bone marrow

A

Bone marrow

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33
Q

Determines the rate of RBC sedimentation

A

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

34
Q

Evaluates bone marrow production of RBC

A

Reticulocyte count

35
Q

Screening test for sickle cell anemia

A

Sickle cell

36
Q
  • In this area, the overall process of Hemostasis (stoppage of blood flow from a damaged blood vessel) is evaluated; this includes platelets, blood vessels, coagulation factors, fibrinolysis, inhibitors and anticoagulant therapy
  • Plasma from a sample drawn in tube with light blue stopper that contains the anticoagulant sodium citrate
A

Coagulation Section

37
Q

Evaluates the intrinsic system of coagulation cascade and monitors heparin therapy

A

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time

38
Q

Screening test for increased clotting tendencies

A

Antithrombin III

39
Q

Evaluate the function of platelets

A

Bleeding time

40
Q

Measures abnormal blood clotting and fibrinolysis

A

D-dimer

41
Q

Detect factor deficiencies that prolong coagulation

A

Factor Assays

42
Q

Test for increased fibrinolysis

A

Fibrin degradation products

43
Q

Determines the amount of fibrinogen in plasma

A

Fibrinogen

44
Q

Evaluates the function of platelets

A

Platelet aggregation

45
Q

Evaluates the extrinsic system of coagulation cascade and monitors Coumadin therapy

A

Prothrombin time and international normalized ratio

46
Q

Determines if adequate fibrinogen is present for normal coagulation

A

Thrombin time

47
Q
  1. This section comprise two areas:
    * Urine analysis and other body fluids
    * Examination of stool or routine fecalysis
    * Urinalysis is the routine screening procedure to detect disorders and infections of the kidney and to detect metabolic disorder such as diabetes mellitus and liver disease.
    * Consists of physical, chemical, and microscopic examination in urine
A

Clinical microscopy

48
Q

In urinalysis, this…
- detects blood, bilirubin and other pigments
- Depends on hydration status
- Normal color of urine = Yellow

A

color

49
Q

In urinalysis, this:
Detects cellular and crystalline elements

A

Appearance

50
Q

In urinalysis, this:
Measures the concentration of urine

A

Specific gravity

51
Q

In urinalysis, this: Determines the acidity of urine

A

pH

52
Q

In urinalysis, this: Elevated levels indicates KIDNEY DISORDERS

A

Protein

53
Q

In urinalysis, this: Elevated levels indicates DIABETES MELLITUS

A

Glucose

54
Q

In urinalysis, this: Detects red blood cells or hemoglobin

A

Blood

55
Q

In urinalysis, Elevated levels indicate LIVER DISORDERS

A

Bilirubin

56
Q

In urinalysis, Elevated levels indicate LIVER or HEMOLYTIC DISORDER

A

Urobilinogen

57
Q

In urinalysis, this: Detects BACTERIAL INFECTION

A

Nitrite

58
Q

In urinalysis, this: Detects WBC

A

Leukocyte esterase

59
Q

In urinalysis, this determines the number and type of CELLULAR ELEMENTS (elements include: RBC, WBC, Bacteria, casts, crystals, other forms of crystal elements)

A

Microscopic

60
Q
  • Blood typing and compatibility testing are the two main activities performed in this section.
  • Screening for all ANTIBODIES and identification of antibodies as well as blood components used for transfusion are also conducted.
  • Blood bank samples are collected in plain red, lavender, or pink stopper plasma.
A

Immunohematology/blood banking

61
Q

Refers to: ABO and Rh (Rehus) typing

A

(Blood) Group and Type

62
Q

Detects abnormal antibodies in serum

A

Antibody screen

63
Q

Detects abnormal antibodies on RBCs

A

Direct antihuman globulin test or direct Coombs

64
Q

Identifies abnormal antibodies in serum

A

Panel

65
Q

ABO, Rh typing, and compatibility test

A

Type and crossmatch

66
Q

ABO, Rh typing, and compatibility test

A

Type and screen

67
Q
  • Performs tests to evaluate the body’s immune response; that is, the production of antibodies and cellular activation
  • Analyses of SERUM ANTIBODIES in certain infectious agents (primarily viral agents) are performed in this section
  • Hepatitis B profile tests, serological test for syphilis, and tests for hepatitis C and dengue fever some examples of antibody screening tests
  • Blood for this section is collected with Cred stoppers.
A

Immunology/Serology

68
Q

Study of immune system

A

Immunology

69
Q

Study of serum

A

serology

70
Q

Liquid portion of clotted blood

A

serum

71
Q

liquid portion of unclotted/anticoagulated blood

A

plasma

72
Q

most abundant coagulation protein in the blood

A

fibrinogen

73
Q

HbA1C

A

glycosylated hemoglobin

74
Q
  1. total cholesterol
  2. HDL - high density lipoprotein
  3. LDL - low density lipoprotein
  4. triglycerides
A

lipid profile

75
Q

fasting time range for fasting blood sugar?

A

8-10 hrs

76
Q

Fasting time range for lipid profile?

A

12 - 14 hrs

77
Q

high lvls of sodium

A

hypernatremia

78
Q

low lvls of sodium

A

hyponatremia

79
Q

high lvls of potassium

A

hyperkalemia

80
Q

low lvls of potassium

A

hypokalemia

81
Q

high lvls of chlorine

A

hyperchloremia

82
Q

low lvls of chlorine

A

hypochloremia

PMLS (15 decks)

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