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PMLS > HEALTHCARE WASTE MANAGEMENT > Flashcards

HEALTHCARE WASTE MANAGEMENT Flashcards

Review the health care waste management hierarchy in the book

1
Q

According to WHO, between 75-90% of wastes generated by health care activities on average are ____________

A

non-hazardous

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2
Q

Refers to all wastes suspected to contain pathogens or toxins in sufficient concentration that may cause disease to a susceptible host

A

infectious waste

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3
Q

includes discarded materials or equipment used for diagnosis, treatment, and management of patients with infectious diseases

A

infectious wastes

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4
Q

refers to tissue sections and body fluids or organs derived from biopsies, autopsies, or surgical procedures sent to the laboratory examinations

A

pathological and anatomical wastes

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5
Q

refers to waste items that can cause cuts, pricks, or puncture wounds

A

sharps

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6
Q

considered the most dangerous health care waste because of their potential to cause both injury and infection

A

sharps

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7
Q

refers to discarded chemicals (solid, liquid, or gaseous) generated during disinfection and sterilization procedures. It includes wastes with high content of heavy metals and their derivaties

A

chemical wastes

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8
Q

acetic, chromic, hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric

A

acids

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9
Q

ethanol, isopropanol, phenols

A

alcohols

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10
Q

formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, ortho-phthaladehyde

A

aldehydes

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11
Q

ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate

A

bases

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12
Q

calcium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, iodine solutions, iodophors, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, sodium hypochlorite (bleach)

A

halogenated disinfectants

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13
Q

chloroform, methylene chloride, perchloroethylene, refrigerants, trichloroethylene

A

halogenated solvents

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14
Q

arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, silver

A

metals

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15
Q

acetone, acetonitrile, ethanol, ethyl acetate, formaldehyde, isopropanol, methanol, toluene, xylenes

A

Non-halogenated solvent

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16
Q

Refers to expired, spilt, and contaminated pharmaceutical products, drugs, and vaccines including discarded items used in handling pharmaceuticals

A

pharmaceutical waste

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17
Q

refers to wastes exposed to radionuclides including radioactive diagnostic material or radiotherapeutic materials

A

radioactive wastes

18
Q

refers to wastes that have not been in contact with communicable or infectious agents, hazardous chemicals, or radioactive substances, and do not pose a hazard

A

non-hazardous or general wastes

19
Q

Most important step in the proper management of health care wastes

A

waste minimization using an approach known as Green Procurement policy

20
Q

Refers to either finding a new application for a used material or using the same product for the same application repeatedly

A

reusing

21
Q

refers to the processing of used materials into new products

A

recycling

22
Q

it is defined into two wastes (1) energy recovery, and (2) as a term used to encompass three subsets of waste recovery: recycling, composting, and energy recovery

A

recovery of wastes

23
Q

Whereby waste is converted to fuel for generating electricity or for direct heating of premises

A

energy recovery

24
Q

The process of changing the biological and chemical characteristic of wastes to minimize its potential to cause harm

A

waste treatment

25
Q

refers to discharging, depositing, placing, or releasing any health care waste into air, land, or water

A

waste disposal

26
Q

Bin color: yellow
Bin desc: strong leak-proof bin with cover labelled “infectious” with biohazard symbol
Plastic bag/liner: yellow plastic that can withstand autoclaving with 0.009 mm thickness and labelled

A

Infectious wastes

27
Q

Bin color: yellow
Bin desc: strong leak-proof bin with cover labelled with biohazard symbol
Plastic bag/liner: yellow plastic that can withstand autoclaving with 0.009 mm thickness and labelled

A

Pathological and Anatomical Wastes

28
Q

Bin color: red
Bin desc: puncture-proof container with wide month and cover labeled with biohazard symbol
Plastic bag/liner: N/A

A

sharps

29
Q

Bin color: yellow
Bin desc: Labeled as such. For liquids, bin is a disposal bottle made of amber-colored glass with at least 4 liters capacity
Plastic bag/liner: yellow with black band plastic with 0.009 mm thickness

A

chemical wastes

30
Q

Bin color: yellow
Bin desc: Strong leak-proof bin with cover labelled “______ wastes” for expired drugs and drug containers, and “cytotoxic wastes” for cytotoxic, genotoxic, and antineoplastic wastes
Plastic bag/liner: yellow with black band plastic with 0.009 mm thickness

A

pharmaceutical wastes

31
Q

Bin color: orange
Bin desc: radiation proof repositories, leak-proof, and lead-lined container labelled with name of radionuclide
Plastic bag/liner: orange plastic with 0.009 mm thickness

A

radioactive wastes

32
Q

Bin color: green
Bin desc: optional recycle symbol for recyclable non-hazardous wastes
Plastic bag/liner: black or colorless plastics for non-biodegradable and green for biodegradable with thickness of 0.009 mm

A

general wastes

33
Q

The thermal decomposition of health care wastes in the absence of supplied molecular oxygen in the destruction chamber where the said waste is converted into gaseous, liquid, or solid form

A

Pyrolysis

34
Q
  • Use of steam sterilization to render waste harmless and is an efficient wet thermal disinfection process
  • method of using pressure of 15 psi for 15 to 30 minutes.
A

autoclave

35
Q
  • A technology that typically incorporates some type of size reduction device
  • Shredding of wastes is done before disinfection
  • in this process, waste is exposed to microwaves that raise the temperature to 100°C (237.6 °F) for at least 30 minutes
A

microwave

36
Q
  • chemicals like sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacetic acids, and heated alkali are added to health care wastes to kill or inactivate present pathogens.
  • recommended that sodium hypochlorite with a concentration of 5% be used
  • This method, however, generates chemical wastes from the used chemical disinfectants
A

chemical disinfection

37
Q
  • Uses an enzyme mixture to decontaminate healthcare wastes
  • resulting by-product is put through an extruder to remove water for wastewater disposal
  • technology is suited for large applications and is also being developed for possible use in the agricultural sector
A

biological process

38
Q
  • involves filling containers with waste, adding and immobilizing material, and sealing the containers
  • process either use cubic boxes and made of high-density polyethylene or metallic drums that are three-quarters filled with sharps, or chemicals or pharmaceutical residues
A

encapsulation

39
Q
  • Especially suitable for pharmaceutical waste that involves the mixing of wastes with cement and other substances before disposal
  • process is relatively inexpensive and can be performed using relatively unsophisticated equipment
A

Inertization

40
Q
  • Registered site designed to keep waste isolated from the environment
  • site must secure paper permits from DENR before it can accept wastes
A

landfill

PMLS (15 decks)

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