SECTION C

Question 1

State two social benefits to an individual of increasing their participation in physical
activity and/or sport.
[2 marks]

Answer 1

 Happier/more positive outlook on life makes you more approachable to others (1)
 Improved confidence/self-esteem in the company of others (1)
 Improved communication skills/ability to work with others (1)
 Meet new people/form friendships with people with similar interests (1)

Question 2

Explain two benefits of sponsorship to companies investing large amounts of money box
into sport.
[4 marks]

Answer 2

 Increase in publicity / media coverage (1) resulting in an increased sales/profit (1)

 Linking the company to an elite athlete (1) adds value to a brand/creates an association with
excellence/creates an association with a healthy image (1

 Decreases tax paid by the company (1) due to tax relief afforded on money donated as
sponsorship (1)

 Being liked to a successful sport/performer (1) can improve the morale of the company’s staff (1)
 The company is provided with tickets etc (1) which allows them to build relationships with
customers and clients (1)

Question 3

Rational recreation saw the development of early professionalism during the
industrial and post-industrial era (1780–1900).
Explain the differences between the gentleman amateur and working-class
professional and the impact these had on their participation during this time.
[4 marks]

Answer 3

 (Wealth) Gentlemen amateur had more money therefore had access to a wider range of
activities to participate in / working class professional has less money so could access fewer
activities to participate in (1)

 (Time) Gentleman amateur had more free time so had the opportunity to participate in more
activity / working class professional had less free time due to long working hours so had less
opportunity to participate in activity (1)

 (Commitment) Gentleman amateurs had less desire to improve performance therefore had
no desire to participate in training / working class professional were more committed to
perform as well as possible so participated in training (1)

 (Morality) Gentleman amateur had higher morality therefore participation had an emphasis
on taking part and fair play / working class professionals had lower morality therefore
participation was based on a win at all costs approach (1)

Question 4

Lauren is a 22 box -year-old member of a local athletics club and has regularly competed
in middle distance races since an early age.
Evaluate the impact that socialisation could have had on Lauren’s choices and her
current involvement in sport.
[8 marks]

Answer 4

AO1 – Knowledge of socialisation
eg Socialisation is a lifelong process where members of a society learn its norms, values, ideas,
practices and roles in order to take their place in that society.
Socialisation has two phases. Primary socialisation occurs during early years of childhood usually
within the immediate family. Secondary socialisation, however, occurs during later years (teenager
to adult) when family are less involved and other agencies/people/groups have more influence.
Gender socialisation is the act of learning to conform to gender roles through socialisation.
Social control refers to the way in which people’s thoughts, feeling, appearance and behaviour are
regulated in social systems including social norms.
AO2 – Application of socialisation to Lauren as a female athlete
eg During primary socialisation how active Lauren’s parents and siblings were will have directly
influenced her views on sport and physical activity. She will have also been influenced by the sports
they played/watched/enjoyed.
During secondary socialisation her peer group and school will have had a greater influence on
Lauren’s choices.
AO3 – Analysis/evaluation of how socialisation will have impacted her choices
eg In the primary socialisation stage it is likely that Lauren developed an interest in athletics from
her immediate family who will also have been required to support her in her participation. Had her
family not had an interest in athletics it is unlikely she would have been involved from a young age.
During secondary socialisation Lauren may have been further encouraged to take part in athletics
by her friends and teachers at school. Had her friends/peer group not been supportive this may
have resulted in Lauren giving up athletics or her involvement in sport be reduced.
Gender socialisation may have dictated the events within athletics that Lauren was drawn to
avoiding the strength/power events typically associated with men.
Credit other relevant evaluation of the impact that socialisation will have had on Lauren’s choices
and development as an athlete.

Question 5

able 2 shows the participation data for disabled and non-disabled adults over a box
4-year period since the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.
Table 2
% participating in 30 minutes of moderate intensity activity at least once per week
Non-disabled Disabled
2012–2013 40.1 19.1
2013–2014 39.8 17.6
2014–2015 39.6 17.2
2015–2016 39.9 16.8
Explain the barriers that disabled athletes face and evaluate the effectiveness of the
strategies used to overcome these barriers.
Use the data in Table 2 to support your answer.
[15 marks]

Answer 5

AO1 – Knowledge of barriers and strategies for disabled athletes in isolation
Barriers to participation include; lack of facilities, funding, specialist coaches, specialist equipment,
location, role models.
Strategies to overcome barriers to performance include; increased media coverage, more role
models, more funding.
AO2 – Application of barriers and strategies to participation for disabled athletes and
performers in Table 2
eg Disabled participation may be lower due to low levels of media coverage. As there is a limited
amount of disability sport on TV and in the news disabled athletes may not be aware of the
opportunities that exist for them or how to access the opportunities they do know about.
Increased media coverage is a strategy that can potentially help to overcome barrier to participation
by increasing the number of role models.
Participation rates for both groups, but especially for disabled athletes, are lower in 2015/16 than
they were in 2012/13. This suggests a decline in participation following the London Olympics.
AO3 – Evaluation of effectiveness of strategies to overcome these barriers to participation
eg Increasing the media coverage of disabled sport would educate people on the capabilities of
disabled performers, helping to overcome the myths and stereotypes that currently exist. However
TV stations rely on viewing number to gain income from sponsors and it is believed that disability
sport would have a limited audience. Therefore it is unlikely this will happen. Also the figures from
Table 2 also imply that this strategy of increasing media coverage is ineffective.
Improving facilities and transport for disabled people would help them to access the range of
activities which are available to them. However this would involve increased spending and
investment, and sponsorship of disability sport is hard to come by due to its limited exposure and
low participation rates.
Credit other relevant analysis of the impact of prejudice, discrimination and stereotyping on disabled
participation in sport explaining the barriers they must overcome and suggesting possible solutions
to overcome these barriers.