SAQ's- Flashcards
Explain how ATP is resynthesized during a 1500m race (4 marks).
Explain how ATP is resynthesized during a 1500m race (4 marks).
Sub-max 2 marks
When oxygen is present, aerobic system (1)
If glycogen is the energy source, aerobic glycolysis - glucose is broken down into pyruvate, pyruvate is broken down into acetyl CoA (1)
If triglycerides are the energy source, beta-oxidation - break down of fatty acids and glycerol into acetyl CoA (1)
Acetyl coA enters the Krebs cycle - citric acid, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions are produced (1)
Hydrogen ions enter the electron transport chain where water and a large amount of energy to resynthesize a large amount of ATP (1)
Sub-max 2 marks
When oxygen isn’t present, anaerobic glycolytic system (1)
Anaerobic glycolysis - glucose is broken down into pyruvate to produce energy to resynthesize 2 ATP (1)
Pyruvate converted into lactate - lactic acid (1)
Describe how the conduction system of the heart causes the heart to beat (4 marks).
SA node/pacemaker spreads an impulse across the atria causing them to contract (atrial systole) (1)
Impulse is absorbed by the AV node to stop it from spreading across the ventricles/delays ventricular contraction (1)
AV node sends the impulse down the bundle of His - found in the septum - to the apex of the heart (1)
It spreads from the apex up the purkinje fibres found in the ventricle walls (1)
This spreads the impulse across the ventricles causing them to contract (ventricular systole) (1)
Explain how the church promoted sport in the late nineteenth century (4 marks).
Encouraged participation as a form of social control because it promoted more civilised activities/diverted people from less socialised activities (drinking/gambling etc.)/muscular christianity (1)
Encouraged participation as a way of promoting christain values because it encouraged a healthy body and mind/sportsmanship (1)
Organized teams/set up clubs/organised competitions because it would give more people the opportunity to participate (1)
Provided facilities because it meant that people had a safe place to play/linked churches and sporting venues (1)
Describe how globalization is evident in sport (4 marks).
Sponsorship - as teams/athletes/events/competitions are given financial support from companies in return for advertising (1)
Recruitment - players are paid to play for teams/join in events that are in other countries that are not their own (1)
Spreading of sports - sports move from countries where they are popular to countries where they are less popular/have not been experienced before (1)
Pressure - on athletes to perform at their best - may lead to illegal substances to maintain success (1)
Explain how social stratification influences participation in sport and physical activity (4 marks).
Wealth/money/disposable income - more money can access sports that require travel/expensive equipment whereas less money can not - this means if you have more money you are more likely to take part in these sports (skiing/equestrian) (1)
Status - some sports are associated with upper classes/higher status (polo) whereas some are associated with lower classes (boxing) - this means you are more likely to participate in sports that match your status (1)
Health - upper classes have better health whereas lower classes have worth health - this means lower classes have lower fitness/ability/skill level (1)
Facilities/Clubs/Schools - upper classes have more income to access facilities/clubs/private schools whereas lower classes have less income to access - this means there is less opportunities to take part (1)
