Section 9

Question 1

what is the primary affects of CNS lesions on movement

Answer 1

-muscle weakness or increased spasticity which is a increased resistant to a passive stretch so movement on a low strech
- coordination problems
- involuntary movements
- all sensory issues and integration

Question 2

what are the secondary affects of CNS on lesions on movement

Answer 2

• muscle atrophy
• degenerative joint diseases
• changes in muscle fiber type

Question 3

what are the signs and symptoms associated with eye diseases

Answer 3

Glaucoma and Macular Degeneration
- reduced vision field
- increased blurriness
- reduced dark adaptions

Question 4

what are the signs and symptoms associated with stroke

Answer 4

• changes to muscle propteries
• slower velocity
• increased fall risk
• difficulty walking

Question 5

what are the signs and symptoms associated with Parkinson’s

Answer 5

• resting tremor
• bradykinesia
• poor balance= trouble with gait

Question 6

what are the signs and symptoms that are associated with a spinal cord injury

Answer 6

complete or varying degree of cut off connection of brain to spinal cord

Question 7

what are some current rehabilitation for eye diseases

Answer 7

• optical aid
• gaze training
• orientation and mobility training
• augmented vision systems

Question 8

what are some current rehabilitation for stroke

Answer 8

• constraint induced movement therapy: forcing inactive limb to move by constricting the more active limb
• receptive transcranial magnetic stimulation: excites regions of brains
• exoskeletons
• body weight supported treadmill training

Question 9

what are some current rehabilitation for Parkinson’s

Answer 9

• visual cues to help walking

Question 10

what are some current rehabilitation for spinal cord injury

Answer 10

• exoskeletons
• body weight supported treadmill training

Question 11

explain the animal to human translation of new research approaches to recover walking (spinal cord)

Answer 11

setup: rats had a hemi section cut on spinal cord so only one half of spinal cord is injured. enabling factors are added to 2 groups, one trained with a treadmill and th either was on the treadmill but had a robotic postural helper on with food reward
takeaway: both groups can walk but only group with the robot helper was eventually able to initiate walking on its own although without treadmill

Question 12

explain how CIMT leads to brain plasitcity measured by TMS

Answer 12

there was an increase of the neurons in the affected limb after CIMT