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BPK 207 > Section 3b: Vestibular and Vision > Flashcards

Section 3b: Vestibular and Vision Flashcards

1
Q

what does the vestibular system do?

A

detects head acceleration be determining the head movement and position

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2
Q

what components detect what?

A

otoliths (end organs)
- saccule: linear vertical acceleration
- urticle: linear horizontal acceleration
semicircular canals: angular acceleration

all based on the head

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3
Q

what is roll, pitch & yaw

A

x, y and z oration axis

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4
Q

how are otoliths and how do they convert head motion to electrical signals

A

cochlea and by deflection of hairs

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5
Q

describe how the semicircular canals turn signal into angular acceleration

A

the canals are filled with a thick liquid called endolymph
when the head moves, the endolymph move in that direction (lag) and will push the hairs causing depolarization in one ear and hyperpolarization in another (depending on direction) which signal the motion

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6
Q

what side does the kinocilium face in the right ear

A

the kinocilium is on the left (like thumb on RIGHT HAND)

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7
Q

what side does the kinocilium face in the left ear

A

the kinocilium is on the right (like thumb on LEFT HAND)

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8
Q

what causes the kinocilium to cause depolarization

A

all the hairs falling on it (kinocilium is thumb)

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9
Q

what happens in semicircular canals when I turn my head in one direction (left or right)

A

the endolymph moves in the opposite direction or the head turn
example: turning left makes the liquid go right
the left ear will start signalling as the hairs as moving right causing depolarization
the right ear will stop signalling as the hairs are turning right causing hyperpolarization

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10
Q

basic way of figuring out which ear will depolarize

A

direction of head turn causes depilation in that ear
head rate left= left ear depolarize

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11
Q

describe how the otolith signal head acceleration

A

otolithic stones on top of hairs that move you hairs in the direction your head moves
(forward is depolarization )

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12
Q

what are the 4 functions of the vestibular system

A
  • maintenance of balance
  • gaze stabilization: vestibular ocular reflex (VOR)
  • perception of self-motion: head motions tells CNS
  • spatial navigation/oritenation
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13
Q

what is VOR

A

vestibular ocular reflex: eyes rotate to maintain target when head moves

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14
Q

what is the galvanic vestibular stimulation?

A

its when electrodes are placed behind your ears
anodes stimulation: decreased sway
cathode stimulation: increased sway
sway always toward anode (+)

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15
Q

how much refraction occurs at cornea and lens

A

2/3 cornea and 1/3 lens

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16
Q

what is the fovea?

A

part of the retina that allows vision of fine details and only contains cones

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17
Q

what pigment does the fovea lay on and why

A

melanin so it can absorb any light not captured by the photo receptors

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18
Q

what is the vision field

A

the region of space that can be seen by the full rotation of eyeballs

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19
Q

what are the 2 parts of the vision field?

A

central and peripheral

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20
Q

what is peripheral vision?

A

deals where things are
- environmental context and moving limbs
- mostly rods and sparse cones used

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21
Q

what is central vision?

A

deals with identifying details
- central 5 dares of field
- mostly cones

22
Q

what is the nasal hemiretina

A

the retinas on either side of your nose

23
Q

what is the temporal hemiretina

A

the retinas by ur ears

24
Q

what can the left side of the left eyeball see?

A

right side of the middle view (right nasal vision)

25
Q

what can the right side of the left eyeball see?

A

temporal left of left field (left temporal)

26
Q

what can the left side of the right eyeball see?

A

temporal right of right field (right temporal)

27
Q

what can the right side of the right eyeball see?

A

left of middle view (left nasal)

28
Q

basic explanation of what the eyes see

A

the nasal hemiretinas see the temporal side of the opposite side
the temporal hemiretinas see the middle side of the opposite side

29
Q

how are the optic nerves connected

A

right side of both eyes report to the right optic nerve
left side of both eyes report to the left optic nerve

30
Q

what hemiretinas pass the optic chiasm

A

nasal hemiretinas

31
Q

what happens if the left optic nerve is cut

A

whole left eye vision is gone

32
Q

what happens when the right optic nerve is cut

A

whole right eye vision gone

33
Q

what happens when the optic chiasm is cut

A

middle view is gone (nasal hemiretina)

34
Q

what happens when the right optic tract is cut

A

left of middle and left temporal is gone

35
Q

what happens when the left optic tract is cut

A

right of middle and right temporal is gone

36
Q

what is binocular disparity

A

difference in image location by the left and right sides

37
Q

what sees close by things

A

temporal hemiretinas

38
Q

what sees far things

A

nasel hemiretinas

39
Q

what neuron sees just outside and inside the primary visual cortex (V1)

A
  • retinal ganglion (tiny spots of light)
  • LGN (lateral geniculate nucleus): tiny spot of light
    ENTER VISION CORTEX
  • Layer C (tiny spot of light)
  • simple: lines and edges in particular orientation
  • complex lines/edges in a particular orientation any where in receptive field and moving bars of light
40
Q

receptive fields get more ______ as you go downstream

A

bigger and complex

41
Q

what is the optic flow

A

once processed in V1 it can go MT (middle temporal) then it goes to the medial superior temporal (MST)

42
Q

what does MT n MST detect

A

speed of motion and process object and self motion

43
Q

what is translational flow

A

integration info for eye to eye

44
Q

what is rotational flow

A

motion due to eye movement

45
Q

2 factors that generate optic flow

A

speed and direction of eye movement
disttance between eye and points of focus

46
Q

what does optic flow give you

A

stability
self velocity and direction
object movement
time to contact

47
Q

what is time to contact

A

for intercepting and avoiding things

48
Q

what is used to calculate time to contact

A
  • optic flow
  • binocular disparity
  • oculomotor vergence feedback
49
Q

what part of vision deal with perception

A

ventral system (primary corex to temporal lobe)

50
Q

what part of vision deals with action

A

dorsal (primary vision to parital)

51
Q

evidence for perception stream

A

same different discrimination task (ventral)
- look at something and see f they are the same

52
Q

evidence for action stream

A

object manipulation (dorsal)
- hold object at stable point

BPK 207 (12 decks)

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