Section 8b Flashcards
what is transfer of learning?
is the the ability to perform skills in different environments and it assessed the effectiveness of practice regime.
- very vital in rehabiltaion
what factors influence transfer of learning?
- the order of skins to learn
- the way it is taught by the instructor
- anxiety and/or competition
what is positive transfer learning?
when a previous experience can facilitate performance because similar
- the characteristics of both skills
- problem solving technique
- performance environment
what is bilateral transfer and why does it work?
transfer of learning to the other limb
eg. writing your name
because the motor plan of a skill is independent form the limb
what is a negative transfer learning?
when a previous experience is interfering with the learning of a new skill
most likely due to
- the environment is similar but the characteristics are different
- you have a obtained a preferred movement and that is making it hard for the new one to take
what is evidence of transfer learning?
in the split belt paradigm: one group is stroke patients and the other have people unaffected. They are walking a treadmill with 2 different speeds to change the natural symmetry of their walking. We want to see if this will transfer to their normal walking. People with strokes showed more transfers when walking on normal ground maybe because the they are use to adpating
what are the concepts of demonstration
the demonstrator should perform the task properly and its good when a beginners teaching another beginner because they have to problem solve instead of copy which helps them learn and integrate into their model faster
what is an example of observational learning
force field perturbation with joystick: 3 groups: counter CW observation, CCW observation and no observation. The observation groups watched a video of the Acton being done in CW. Results showed http they CCW people did worse because they were following the CW video, the CW better did the best cause they say someone do it clockwise and the no observation did medium. This proves that demonstration of action affects learner actions
what is augmented feedback
outside feedback
knowledge of results: knowing the outcome of the action
knowledge of performance: knowing what moments led to the outcome of action
what is the difference in reward and punishment in transfer learning
punishment equals faster adaptation but reward equals more retention
what is practice variability?
practicing a different times. it shows the it has greater retention and transfer skill performance compared to constant practice
what is high contextual inference
random practice, it makes it harder to learn a skill but once you get it, it shows better learning overall
what is low contextual inference
blocked practice
what is practice specificity?
when the characteristics of the action is very similar to the transfer test, performance will be high
- home teams do better than guest
what is distribution of practice
it can rather be
- massed practice: fewer sessions but lots of practice within each session
- disturbed practice: sessions are speed across days
