Section 1: Sensorimotor

Question 1

Motor Behaviour

Answer 1

includes the movements and motor skills of an individual

Question 2

Motor Skill

Answer 2

a goal oriented task that involves voluntary movement and is usually made up of a series of movements

Question 3

Movement

Answer 3

is a component of motor skill, the behavioural characteristics of a limb or combination of limbs

Question 4

What’s the difference between skill and movement

Answer 4

A skill can be done by any combination of movements (different movement can produce the same skill)
Skills are related to the outcome while movement is specific characteristics

Question 5

what is feedforward control?

Answer 5

uses sensory information before moment to apply to movement and its often rapid

Question 6

what is feedback control?

Answer 6

it uses the sensory during the event to modify movement and its often slower

Question 7

what are the types of sensory control problems

Answer 7

• DOF
• serial-order integration problem
• motor learning
• sensorimotor integration problem

Question 8

what is DOF problem?

Answer 8

degree of freedom problem
- the independent variables that control specific movements (neurons, muscles and joints)
- muscle, neuron and joint is consider a DOF but a benefit is it makes a greater flexibility in movement

Question 9

how is DOF problems helped?

Answer 9

by muscle synergies: muscles that have similar commands are put together or frozen when doing a movement for more control

Question 10

what is the serial order problem?

Answer 10

the nervous system has to activate a the correct muscles at he correct time to perform a movement

Question 11

how is the serial order problem fixed?

Answer 11

the it makes a motor plan that is the simultaneous motion of different effectors so movement is smooth

Question 12

what is the sensory interaction problem?

Answer 12

all the info from different sensors have to interpret and integrated so an action can occur

Question 13

what is the motor learning problem

Answer 13

to what extent’s the motor skills innate or learned

Question 14

what are the fundamentals of standing?

Answer 14

Goal: to stay upright and balanced,

factors that affect sway
- age and fatigue
- terrin
- base of support
- availability of of senses
- psychological fears

Question 15

the 3 main factors for stability?

Answer 15

COM- centre of mass
BOS- base od support
COP- centre of pressure

Question 16

what is anticipatory postural adjustaments

Answer 16

body preparations to move a limb
- increase stability of body and moving limbs

Question 17

why do you shift weight to the side of the body that will move

Answer 17

you need to push the com to the support leg

Question 18

what are the fundamentals of walking?

Answer 18

base of support is kept balanced so not much stress when you are on one leg
COM and COP also change

Question 19

what are the fundamentals of grabbing?

Answer 19

3 considerations of target
- location
- characteristics
- arm and shoulder adjustment

Question 20

what is done to prepare to grab set

Answer 20

pre shape the hand and Oriente the right way
the shortest distance is always the one

Question 21

what are the fundamentals of eye movement?

Question 22

why is gaze shift important?

Answer 22

the 5 degree centre has the best visibility so the eye will constant shift to see everything in the best view

Question 23

what is the neuromechanical limit to the gaze shift?

Answer 23

its 40-45 degrees, after that, the head must turn as well

Question 24

what is the framework of motor behaviour?

Answer 24

• environment
• individual
• task

Question 25

what are the questions to ask when going about a motor behaviour problem

Answer 25

• what is the goal of the motor behaviour
• what the relevant environment factor
• anything needs to be avoided or interacted with
• how many movements and what muscles are being used

Question 26

what environment info is relevant?

Answer 26

• size
• shape
• weather terrain
• light

Question 27

task contraints

Answer 27

Object interaction
- avoiding or interacting
Stability
- moving balance or statinary

Question 28

the individual

Answer 28

cognitive factors
- emotion, energy, attention, motivation
sensory factors
- 5 senses activate
motor related
- degree of freedom, specific motor tracts

Question 29

3 ways to classify the motor behaviour

Answer 29

• reflexive
• rhythmic
• voluntary

Question 30

what would you talk about if something is reflective

Answer 30

• GTOs
• vision (temporal/nasal)
• balance and movement
• speed of movement

Question 31

what would you talk about if smt is rhymtic

Answer 31

• desensitization
• muscle memory (GTO)
• speed of movement
• attention
• environment

Question 32

what would you talk about if smt is voluntary

Answer 32

• goal
• motor plan
• motivation
• feedback

Question 33

3 one dimensional description of motor behaviour

Answer 33

• primary musculature
• start and end of task
• stability of environment

Question 34

primary muscolature

Answer 34

gross (big muscles) vs. fine (small muscles)

Question 35

specify of start and end

Answer 35

discrete- one movement (kick ball)
serial - many discrete put together (piano)
continuous- no end and start (swimming)

Question 36

types of continuous

Answer 36

pursuit tracking- following others movement
compensatory tracking - goal is set by another, must maintain
step tracking-target or path moves as person follows

Question 37

stability of environment

Answer 37

closed - environment is predictable
middle- typical event, may have surprise
open- environment is unpredictable