Section 8a Flashcards
Motor Learning
Define the characteristics of motor learning
Motor Learning occurs by sensorimotor adaptation and skill learning and is possible due to brain plasticity
what is sensorimotor adaptation?
responds to an altered environmental conditions by reducing errors to regain previous/improved level of performance
updating your internal model framework by explicit and implicit learning
Definition of motor learning
an acquired capability of a person to permanently perform a improved skill as an result of practice
what are the 5 characteristics of successful skill learning
- improvement
- consistency
- stability
- persistance
- adaptability
Describe ways to assess motor learning
- performance curves
- rendition test
- transfer test
what are performance curves?
a plotting of the achievement during practice can be
- linear
- negatively acclerated
- positively accelerated
- S shaped
what are retention test?
assessing how much improvement has happened after practice
assess the persistence of the skill
what are transfer test?
introducing a new variable while learning the skill to assess how much as stuck
asses the adaptability and stability of the new skills
how is implicit and explicit learning shown in the visumotor rotation paradigm
Setup: 2 conditions baseline and adaptation. The person cannot see their hands, only the cursor. In baseline, there is no rotation of cursor and it they hit the cursor. In the adaption, they learn that the cursor is rotated
Explicit learning is show by them reporting the location of their hand before each trial or able to tell them that they know the cursor is rotated
Implicit learning is seen as the sensory prediction error helps them determine where the target actually is and error is decreased
what is retrograde inference and how is it related to consolidation
retrogade interferce is when the second thing you learned is affecting the first thing you learned. If you considered the first thing properly then retrograde interference shouldn’t affect the 1st thing
what is the evidence of consideration
the visumotor paradigm experiment had better results when there was a washout period between the 2 learning objects because the previous one had time to consolidate
describe the differences between motor skill learning and sensorimotor adaptation
motor skill learning has a off line gain when improvement occurs when there’s no practice in between but sensorimotor adaptation occurs when the action is being learned.
what are the 3 motor learning models
- Fits and Posner 3 Stage
- Gentile Two Stage Model
- Schmidts schema of theory of motor learning
explain the fitts and Posner 3 stage model
- cognitive stage: first trying
- associative stage: the practicing
- autonomous stage: done without consious thought
explain gentile 2 stage model
initial stage
- just learning the goals and the movements
later stage
- closed skills: practice
- open skills: able to do it different environments
