Section 9 Flashcards
modern scholars have chosen to downplay the general importance of individuals and challenge what they see as the dated and discredited _________________ of history, pointing instead to the larger social and political forces which many see as actually driving cultural change.
Great Man Theory
the oldest historical tradition if one takes into account the autobiography of ________________, written purportedly around 2300 BCE
Sargon of Akkad
rose from an elite but ineffective family to become Rome’s best, then greatest, then only general
Julius Caesar
the height of ancient Egyptian power
New Kingdom
pharaoh born in a time when the Egyptians had only recently recovered control of their own land
Hatshepsut
a foreign presence known as the _________ had dominated Egypt
Hyksos
united under a great liberator __________ (r. ca. 1558-1533 BCE), the Egyptians managed to throw off the yoke of outside rule and banish these “foreign kings.
Ahmose
his son Amenhotep I (Amenophis) came to the throne and ruled until 1512 BCE, when he died and was succeeded by _____________. It isn’t clear why he was chosen to rule next, since the evidence strongly suggests he was not the son of Amenhotep I by his principal wife, perhaps not even a member of the royal family
Tuthmosis I
a son who had been named for his father and, when Tuthmosis I died sometime around 1500 BCE, this boy became _______________
Tuthmosis II
From the union of these half-siblings was born only one child, __________-, a daughter
Neferure
by a secondary wife Tuthmosis II produced a surviving son who would later rule Egypt as _____________, one of the most aggressive and dynamic pharaohs in all of Egyptian history
Tuthmosis III
a man of non-royal ancestry but apparently her (Hatsepsut) loyal companion, steward and possibly lover, too
Senenmut
Senenmut had charge of overseeing the execution of Hatshepsut’s decrees. He also supervised the education of Neferure as well as the construction of Hatshepsut’s funerary monument at ____________, one of the finest structures surviving from ancient Egypt
Deir-el-Bahri
The Empress _____________ reigned over the Byzantine Empire (Byzantium) at the peak of its power in the sixth century CE, after the western half of the Roman Empire had “fallen” but the East still stood
Theodora
the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire
Constantinople
Theodora first served as the concubine of a provincial governor and then worked her way up the Byzantine social ladder, eventually returning to Constantinople, where she met the young, unmarried, emperor designate,__________
Justinian
one of the few contemporary portraits still extant—illustrates well her (Theadora) beauty and royal presence
Ravenna Mosaic
Europe spilled even more blood in a dismal morass of self-annihilation which later came to be called the
Hundred Years’ War
in the early part of the fifteenth century, when the English crowned a young, competent king, ____________ (r. 1413-1422), and were ready at last to take up the war again.
Henry V
Richard II of England (r. 1377-1399) was vengeful and sadistic, and his French counterpart ______________(r. 1380-1422) was certifiably insane
Charles VI, “the Mad”
Charles VI supported the British cause more than his own people’s and, excusing this folly as pursuing peace, he fostered a rebellion within his own nation, a civil war promoted by factionalists called the
Burgundians
Standing in opposition to Charles’ insidious treachery was his own son, later crowned ____________-, but at the time only the dauphin, the crown prince and next in line to the throne of France
Charles VII
Standing in opposition to Charles’ insidious treachery was his own son, later crowned Charles VII, but at the time only the __________, the crown prince and next in line to the throne of France
Dauphin
the French were finally forced to commit to battle against the English and subsequently suffered one of their worst defeats in history at the _________________(northern France) in 1415
Battle of Aginçourt
king Henry V, also died quite unexpectedly in the prime of life. He left behind no competent adult who could assume the throne, only a baby boy also named Henry, later __________
Henry VI
the site where French kings were traditionally crowned
Reims
This blast of good luck, the rescuer Charles and France required, came truly out of thin air in the form of a myth and a miss, the renowned and redoubtable
Joan of Arc
Others, however, proclaimed her the “_________” a sort of messiah promised to the French in Christian lore, a savior whom legend said God would send one day to deliver them from the English
Maid of Lorraine
she led a small regiment that broke the British siege of ___________, a city in central France on the border between British and French territory in that day
Orléans
of all the strong women characters in Greek literature, the fictional queen _________stands pre-eminent
Clytemnestra
she was quietly, and doubtlessly without her consent, married off to ____________, the brother of her sister Helen’s husband Menelaus
Agamemnon
the gods demanded that Agamemnon sacrifice one of his children, his eldest daughter ___________
Iphigenia
Clytemnestra was nevertheless helpless because her husband immediately left for Troy and was gone for ten years as it turned out. There was nothing she could do but wait at home in _____________, hoping he’d be killed in the war
Argos (Mycenae)
the political alliance between Clytemnestra and Aegisthus evolved into a love affair and, in order to protect both herself and her son _________
Orestes
DWEM
