Section 5 Flashcards
the art or practice of designing and constructing buildings
Architecture
Constructed around 2500 BCE, situated on the west bank of the Nile facing the setting sun, resting place for ancient kings
Pyramids
location where the three most famous and recognizable of the Egyptian pyramids lie
Giza Plateau
Pyramids found at Saqqara, Dashur, Meidum and several other sites lie on the western shore of this river
Nile River
ancient Egyptians called this pyramid at Giza Akhet-Khufu
Great Pyramid
the king for whom the Great Pyramid was built
Khufu/Cheops
the Egyptian god of the sun
Ra
soul of a dead king ascended into the heavens and traveled alongside the god in this as he made his daily journey across the sky
Sun-Boat
capital of Greece, home of the Parthenon
Athens
this structure marks an important turning point in the history of Western architecture not only for inaugurating a new type of building design, but also because it suggests that the ancient Greeks had begun to embrace a novel way of looking at the world
Parthenon
this was symbolized in the Parthenon, embraced a new view of life that looks to earth before heaven.
Ionian Revolution
mode of construction resulting in a building that looks perfectly balanced but is not. represented by the Parthenon
Optical Symmetry
name for a block of stone or wood spanning the top of upright columns
Post-and-Lintel System
design mode in Early Greek construction and design, resembled Egyptian archetypes
Heavy Doric Style
Greek goddess that the parthenon was built to honor
Athena
the rocky upcropping in the middle of the city
Acropolis
the greatest Athenian statesman of the fifth century, the Parthenon was the product of this man’s daring and genius
Pericles
the confederation of “free” Greek states which Athens had formed after the Persian Wars.
Delian League
ninety-two separate friezes detailing the triumph of man over beast, a metaphor for both the human conquest of irrationality and the Greeks’ victory over the Persians
Metopes
an architectural evocation of the Greek philosopher Protagoras’ axiom
“Man is the Measure of All Things”
the Parthenon instead bids the mortals standing before it to reflect on their own being, to ___________ as Apollo, the Greek god of reason, commands
“Know Yourself”
constructed by Marcus Agrippa, presents a mystery full of glories hidden behind its façade
Pantheon
the general who engineered the military successes which brought Augustus Caesar to power in the last decades of the first century BCE, constructed the Pantheon
Marcus Agrippa
the shape of the cap of the Pantheon, uncommon to the architecture of that age
Dome
the dome is an extension of this shape
Arch
Cosmopolitan and learned, just and merciful, he spent the majority of his reign touring his empire, collecting art and helping to consolidate Rome’s cultural legacy. emperor who ruled (117-138 CE)
Hadrian
series of defenses Hadrian ordered built across northern England
Hadrian’s Wall
“eye” in Latin, acted as a spotlight and a calendar in the Pantheon
Oculus
“holy wisdom” in Greek, both the last great Roman structure and the first great Medieval church
Hagia Sophia
location of the Hagia Sophia
Constantinople (Istanbul)
Byzantine emperor who reigned (527-565 CE) during the time of the Hagia Sophia’s construction
Justinian
Cathedral
