Section 6 Flashcards
remarkable period of expansion in Europe during 1050-1300 CE, population began to surpass the capacity of the land to feed its inhabitants
High Middle Ages
by the turn of the fourteenth century global weather patterns changed for the colder and wetter, what was this called
“Little Ice Age”
flows through a city in central Italy, swept away many bridges with the force of its waters during the “Little Ice Age”
Arno River (Florence)
disaster marking the beginning of a decrease in European population that would last more than a century and a half
Famine of 1315-1317
A holocaust of unprecedented fury, a bacterial infection that’s transmitted by fleas
Bubonic Plague
single most significant disease in Western civilization to date, “The Plague,” came on its victims so quickly and powerfully and with such a debilitating disruption of facilities it seemed as if the person had been “struck” by some invisible force
Black Death
Greek-based word meaning “(persisting) in a population”, ex: among rodents across the globe, particularly the rats of central Asia where it subsists at a low level and is not widely destructive
Endemic
“against a population”, when a disease breaks out into other biological groups
Epidemic
any organism that can produce a disease
Pathogen
a bacillus, the pathogen of the Black Plague
Yersinia Pestis
French bacteriologist that the pathogen of the black plague was named after
Alexandre Yersin
carriers of the plague where the bacillus would move from rat to rat through
Rat Flea (Xenopsylla Cheopis)
carrier of a disease
Vector
enlarged lymph nodes popular during the black plague
Bubo(es)
An even more virulent type of Plague exists which can pass from human to human directly, without employing fleas as vectors. bacilli are transmitted directly from one human host to another on particulate matter exhaled by the infected
Pneumonic Plague
after rats, these became the central vectors of the black plague
Marmots
runs across Asia, all the way from China, major trade route
Silk Road
a port on the Crimean peninsula on the northern shore of the Black Sea and at that time was one of the major gateways between East and West
Kaffa
byzantine emperor, watched the black plague infect and consume his own son and recorded a pathology on it
Cantacuzenus
place where the black plague was present directly after Constantinople
Genoa
ancient Greek historian who also recorded a pathology of his own son’s sickness
Thucydides
a port in the Aquitaine region of southwestern France, famous for exporting wine.
Bordeaux
term for what happened after the black plague when people fled from cities in Europe in large numbers
De-urbanization
collection of Medieval tales and folklore, is set in the Italian countryside where aristocrats, fleeing the Plague as it ravages Florence, are stranded without their usual entertainments. later served as the foundation for many other Renaissance works, including several of Shakespeare’s plays
Boccaccio, The Decameron
visual arts and statuary centered on the consequences of the black plague
Grim Reaper, “Dance of Death”, the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
Professional self-torturers who went from town to town, served, then, as a means for people to buy that remission from sin at the price of migrant “whipping boys.”
Flagellants
virtual slaves, peasants who were “tied to the land” and obliged to farm certain areas for no other reason than that their ancestors had
Serfdom/Serfs
French workers who revolted in an effort to create better working conditions for peasants
Jacquerie
this rose as the agriculture fell
Industry
a positive result of the bubonic plague, a science in the west
Medicine
this improved after the middle ages among the people of western europe
Hygiene
________ tend to live away from humans—as opposed to ________which were more predominant earlier and usually live in or around human communities
Brown rats, Black Rats
scientist who proposed a new theory which states that the failure of Yersinia pestis to reappear in as virulent a form as it had in the fourteenth century depended on a change in the microbial world, not in humans or any mammalian species
Colin McEvedy
a bacillus closely related to Yersinia pestis but considerably less virulent, provided rat communities with some immunological resistance to Plague
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis
