Section 6

Question 1

remarkable period of expansion in Europe during 1050-1300 CE, population began to surpass the capacity of the land to feed its inhabitants

Answer 1

High Middle Ages

Question 2

by the turn of the fourteenth century global weather patterns changed for the colder and wetter, what was this called

Answer 2

“Little Ice Age”

Question 3

flows through a city in central Italy, swept away many bridges with the force of its waters during the “Little Ice Age”

Answer 3

Arno River (Florence)

Question 4

disaster marking the beginning of a decrease in European population that would last more than a century and a half

Answer 4

Famine of 1315-1317

Question 5

A holocaust of unprecedented fury, a bacterial infection that’s transmitted by fleas

Answer 5

Bubonic Plague

Question 6

single most significant disease in Western civilization to date, “The Plague,” came on its victims so quickly and powerfully and with such a debilitating disruption of facilities it seemed as if the person had been “struck” by some invisible force

Answer 6

Black Death

Question 7

Greek-based word meaning “(persisting) in a population”, ex: among rodents across the globe, particularly the rats of central Asia where it subsists at a low level and is not widely destructive

Answer 7

Endemic

Question 8

“against a population”, when a disease breaks out into other biological groups

Answer 8

Epidemic

Question 9

any organism that can produce a disease

Answer 9

Pathogen

Question 10

a bacillus, the pathogen of the Black Plague

Answer 10

Yersinia Pestis

Question 11

French bacteriologist that the pathogen of the black plague was named after

Answer 11

Alexandre Yersin

Question 12

carriers of the plague where the bacillus would move from rat to rat through

Answer 12

Rat Flea (Xenopsylla Cheopis)

Question 13

carrier of a disease

Answer 13

Vector

Question 14

enlarged lymph nodes popular during the black plague

Answer 14

Bubo(es)

Question 15

An even more virulent type of Plague exists which can pass from human to human directly, without employing fleas as vectors. bacilli are transmitted directly from one human host to another on particulate matter exhaled by the infected

Answer 15

Pneumonic Plague

Question 16

after rats, these became the central vectors of the black plague

Answer 16

Marmots

Question 17

runs across Asia, all the way from China, major trade route

Answer 17

Silk Road

Question 18

a port on the Crimean peninsula on the northern shore of the Black Sea and at that time was one of the major gateways between East and West

Answer 18

Kaffa

Question 19

byzantine emperor, watched the black plague infect and consume his own son and recorded a pathology on it

Answer 19

Cantacuzenus

Question 20

place where the black plague was present directly after Constantinople

Answer 20

Genoa

Question 21

ancient Greek historian who also recorded a pathology of his own son’s sickness

Answer 21

Thucydides

Question 22

a port in the Aquitaine region of southwestern France, famous for exporting wine.

Answer 22

Bordeaux

Question 23

term for what happened after the black plague when people fled from cities in Europe in large numbers

Answer 23

De-urbanization

Question 24

collection of Medieval tales and folklore, is set in the Italian countryside where aristocrats, fleeing the Plague as it ravages Florence, are stranded without their usual entertainments. later served as the foundation for many other Renaissance works, including several of Shakespeare’s plays

Answer 24

Boccaccio, The Decameron

Question 25

visual arts and statuary centered on the consequences of the black plague

Answer 25

Grim Reaper, “Dance of Death”, the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse

Question 26

Professional self-torturers who went from town to town, served, then, as a means for people to buy that remission from sin at the price of migrant “whipping boys.”

Answer 26

Flagellants

Question 27

virtual slaves, peasants who were “tied to the land” and obliged to farm certain areas for no other reason than that their ancestors had

Answer 27

Serfdom/Serfs

Question 28

French workers who revolted in an effort to create better working conditions for peasants

Answer 28

Jacquerie

Question 29

this rose as the agriculture fell

Answer 29

Industry

Question 30

a positive result of the bubonic plague, a science in the west

Answer 30

Medicine

Question 31

this improved after the middle ages among the people of western europe

Answer 31

Hygiene

Question 32

________ tend to live away from humans—as opposed to ________which were more predominant earlier and usually live in or around human communities

Answer 32

Brown rats, Black Rats

Question 32

scientist who proposed a new theory which states that the failure of Yersinia pestis to reappear in as virulent a form as it had in the fourteenth century depended on a change in the microbial world, not in humans or any mammalian species

Answer 32

Colin McEvedy

Question 33

a bacillus closely related to Yersinia pestis but considerably less virulent, provided rat communities with some immunological resistance to Plague

Answer 33

Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis