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MBIO 3010 > Section 5 > Flashcards

Section 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are characteristics of a surface infection?

A
  • Multiply in epithelial cells at site of entry
  • Can spread to other area
  • Large area of body may be covered
  • Innate immune system involved
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2
Q

Do surface infections penetrate deeper tissues?

A

No

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3
Q

Why is only the innate immune system involved in surface infections?

A

Not enough time for adaptive response

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4
Q

What are characteristics of systemic infections?

A
  • Shed via blood/lymph

- Migrate from surface to deeper tissue

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5
Q

Why do systemic infections migrate?

A

Because they are enduring an increased immune repsonse

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6
Q

What are factors that affect the location of infections?

A
  • Temperature
  • Budding
  • Systemic spread
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7
Q

What are examples of pathogens that are sensitive to temperature?

A
  • Rhinovirus

- Mycobacterium leprae

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8
Q

What are examples of pathogens that experience budding?

A

Influenza and parainfluenza viruses

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9
Q

Where are the influenza and parainfluenza viruses released from?

A

Lung epithelial cells

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10
Q

What is the site of primary infection for measles and does it replicate there?

A
  • Respiratory tract

- No

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11
Q

What is the site of primary infection for typhoid and does it replicate there?

A
  • GI tract

- No

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12
Q

What is the site of primary infection for HAV and where does it spread to?

A
  • Alimentary canal

- Liver

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13
Q

What is the site of primary infection for mumps and where does it spread to?

A
  • Respiratory tract

- Salivary glands

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14
Q

How can pathogens avoid destruction in the blood?

A
  • Localization at less well-defended sites
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15
Q

What does a pathogen encounter if it is free in blood?

A

Abs and phagocytes

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16
Q

How can a pathogen avoid Abs and phagocytes and what are examples of pathogens that do this?

A
  • If it is associated with circulating cells in the bloodstream
  • Ebola, rubella, listeria
17
Q

What type of pathogens spread via nerves?

A

Viruses

18
Q

How do viruses travel via nerves?

A

From peripheral nerves to CNS via axons and vice versa

19
Q

What is the most important factor in CNS infections?

A

Crossing the blood-brain barrier

20
Q

What is the disadvantage to the blood-brain barrier?

A

It keeps pathogens out, but it also keeps immune cells out

21
Q

What are characteristics of the ideal Ab to treat CNS infections?

A

Small and hydrophobic

22
Q

How can microbes spread from one visceral organ to another?

A

Through the peritoneal or pleural cavity

23
Q

What determines if a pathogen has a narrow or broad host range?

A

Number of receptors on different species

24
Q

What is an example of a pathogen that has a narrow host range and what does its range include?

A
  • Measles

- Humans and closely-related primates

25
Q

What is an example of a pathogen with a broad host range?

A

Rabies

26
Q

What do people with sickle cell anemia carry?

A

Hemoglobin S

27
Q

What happens to homozygotes with hemoglobin S?

A

They will die fairly fast

28
Q

What happens to heterozygotes with hemoglobin S?

A

Will have sickled RBC’s and resistance to malaria

29
Q

Define virulence

A

Degree of pathogenicity

30
Q

Define pathogenicity

A

Ability to cause a disease

31
Q

Define virulence factors

A

The factors that help a pathogen cause disease

32
Q

What are some virulence factors?

A
  • Adhesion
  • Cell penetration
  • Toxin production
  • Interaction with immune system
  • Attenuation
33
Q

What is attenuation?

A

Process in which a pathogen secretes its proteins that make it able to cause infection

34
Q

What is ID50?

A
  • Infectious dose 50

- The amount of a pathogen needed to infect 50% of test hosts

MBIO 3010 (17 decks)

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