Section 5 Flashcards
emergency procedures
Types of passenger panic?
Negative Panic
Postive Panic
Negative Panic Passengers..
Complete lack of concern to take positive action to save their life.
Corrective Action: Repeated shouted commands, give passenger a task/duty during the planned emergency to divert - focus on a piece of equipment
Postive Panic Passengers..
A sudden unreasoning, hysterical fear, often spreading quickly among the passengers and may prevent crew members from performing their necessary evacuation.
Corrective Action: Verbally gain control with passenger, if this fails, gain control via shock value, if required ‘slap’ only once.
Classifications of Landings
Normal
Abnormal
Emergency
Normal Landing
Indicates a normal, uneventful landing is expected. No emergency preparations are necessary
Abnormal Landing
Indicates a condition exists that requires a higher level of alertness than normal. Evacuation is unlikely. FA will just be briefed.
Emergency Landing
Indicates a serious situation exists that requires the flight attendant to follow emergency procedures under the captain’s direction. Evacuation is likely. FA refers to emergency procedures folder.
Types of landing
Prepared / Planned
Unprepared / Unplanned
Prepared / Planned
allows the crew to prepare the passengers, cabin, and themselves for the landing.
FA will complete as much of of the cabin preparation checklist, as time permits.
Unprepared / Unplanned
unexpected situation with limited or no time available for preparation. usually occurs on takeoff or landing.
occurs 3 minutes of takeoff, last 8 minutes of flight
PIC: “BRACE, BRACE, BRACE” (OR 6 CHIME SIGNALS)
EMERGENCY
HEADS DOWN
STAY DOWN
Emergency Landing Briefing (TESTS)
Type of emergency
Estimated time of Landing + Cabin secure
Signals
Tell passengers
Special Instructions
Post Evacuation Duties
1) Gather passengers upwind approx 300ft from the aircraft and away from emergency response vehicles
2) Perform a headcount of passengers
3) Retrieve any additional safety equipment or supplies from aircraft (first aid kit, blankets, etc)
4) Administer first aid as required
5) Assess need to seek protection from environmental elements (walk to terminal building, wait for assistance, etc)
Rapid Deplanement - what situations cause this? where do passengers exit?
Bomb threats, Large fuel spills, smoke in the cabin
Leave the cabin in the expeditious manner through the main passenger door, without rish of injury to the passengers, crew, or damage to the aircraft.
Aircraft Attitudes - where do you exit?
Exits lowest to the ground.
Water landings: use high side of aircraft.
FA Protective Position during evacuation..
Remains safe from:
- being pushed out of hte aircraft’
- losing their balance or falling if the aircraft changes attitude.
- passengers clinging to them
in other words, keeping yourself safe.
Your voice during commands must be:
Clear
Loud
Positive
Slow/Calm
Authoritative
Deliberate
Distinctive
Repetitive
Ditching vs Inadvertent Water Contact
Ditching - planned emergency landing on water
Inadvertent water contact - unplane emergency landing water
Surving in Water - how do you maintain control of the situation?
By priority:
1) Keep passengers together and keep bodies out of water as much as possible (aircraft debris - use as flotation devices)
2) Keep passengers together in groups of 4, arms around each other in a huddle position. Children and elderly in the centre (shorter predictable survival time)
3) Prevent excessive expenditure of energy, preventing heat loss and hypothermia to sustain life
H.E.L.P. ?
Heat Escape Lessoning Position
What should you always ask an ABP during a prepared emergency?
Are you able and willing to help me?
The purpose of ABP?
- crowd control
- operation of exits
- assisting special attention passengers
ABP Briefing for Exit operation - W.A.B.O.E.H.
WHEN - to open the exit
ASSESS - look to ensure it is safe
BLOCK - stop the use of the exit if it is unsafe
OPEN - how to open the exit
EXIT - how to get out of the exit
HELP - assist passengers on the ground
Four factors of the Fire Tetrahedron?
Oxygen, Fuel, Heat, Chain Reaction
To extinguish a fire…?
one of the four elements must be disrupted
4 Classification of Fires?
A - Common Materials such as paper, wood, or most other combustibles
B - Flammable liquids such as gasoline, paint remover, or grease
C - Electrical fires
D - Combustible metals usually found in industry
FLASHOVER vs FLASH FIRE
Flashover - all combustibles in a confined space have been heated to the point at which they release vapours that will support combustion, causing all combustible to ignite simutaneously
Flash Fire - Sudden intense fire cause by ignition of a mixture of air and dispersed flammable substance such as a solid, flammable combustible liquid or flammable gas
If you suspect fire, what do you inform the Pilot-in-Command?
Source
Severity
Sight
Smoke
Location
Primary duty of the crew member who FINDS the fire?
FIGHTS the fire
Safe Practices when dealing with passengers?
1) Instruct passengers to bend over and breathe through wet cloth or clothing
2) Remember, smoke rise, stay low
3) Do not use alcoholic beverages to douse a fire
4) Stay with the fire area after the flames have been doused - watch for re-ignition
Fuel spill
Notify flight deck immediately
Commence rapid deplanement under captains orders.
if not pilots present, still proceed with rapid deplanement
Smoke Removal
This is accomplished my Flight Crew.
Normally involves decompressing the cabin
FA procedures when a pilot is incapacitated?
REMOVE - remove hands from control columnn, if necessary
RESTRAIN - restrain the pilot from falling forward by grasping the back of the shoulder harness and pulling the pilot off the controls
RECLINE - pull seat back and recline seat, if possible
loosen tie and collar, open airway and administer first aid
Types of Decompression
Rapid Decompression
Slow Decompression
Pressure Leaks
Rapid Decompression
caused by serious problems such as structural failure. air leaves the cabin rapidly with tremendous force and noise
Slow Decompression
cause by fault in the pressurization system air leaves the cabin gradually
Pressure Leaks
minor problems causae by leaking seal aorund a door or window
What are blow out panels?
in the event of a rapid decompresion, these small doors will blow open, equalizing the pressure throughout the aircraft.
(located at the bottom of flight deck door, cabin bulkhead door, aft cargo bulkhead door.)
Hypoxia
physiological condition that occurs when an insufficient amount of circulating oxygen is supplying the body’s needs for correct physical and mental performance
Time of Useful Consciousness (TUC)
the time available for an indiviual to preserve their life by coordinated actions
Effective Performance Time (EPT)
the amount of time an individual is able to function effectively in an environmental of inadequate oxygen supply
Breathable altitude?
10,000 ft - 14,000 ft
Physiological Signs and Symptoms of Hypoxia
lack of muscle control (clumsiness)
euphoria
visual and auditory disorders
intellectual disorders
headache and dizziness
cyanosis of face and hands
increased respiratory and cardiac rhythm
unconsciousness
death
Treatment of Hypoxia?
Give oxygen.
Runaway/overspeeding propeller?
a situation where the propeller is out of control and may result in the destruction of the propeller and/or failure of the engine
Post-Accident Survival Priorites
1) FIRST AID - treat wounds with what you have available
2) FIRE - create fire (tetrahedron). be patient
3) SHELTER - protect from sun, insects, wind, rain, snow, and hot or cold temperatures
4) SIGNAL - using attention-getters to get the rescuer’s attention
5) SUSTENANCE - water. minimum 2L each day to maintain efficiency.
