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Section 3 > Section 4 Soft Tissue Injuries > Flashcards

Section 4 Soft Tissue Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Name the soft tissues of the body

A

Skin
Fatty tissues
Muscles
Blood vessels
Connective tissues
Membranes
Glands
Amd nerves

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2
Q

What are the major functions of the skin

A

Protection
Water balance
Temp regulation
Excretion
Shock absorption
Nerve endings provide sensory (touch)

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3
Q

The 3 layers of the skin

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous layer

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4
Q

Explain water balance (skin)

A

Prevents water loss
Stops environmental water from entering
Helps preserve chemical balance 

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5
Q

Explain temp regulation (skin)

A

Blood vessels dilate to carry more blood to the skin allowing heat to radiate away from the body
These vessels constrict to prevent heat loss
Sweat glands produce perspiration which helps cool the body
Fat is a thermal insulator 

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6
Q

Explain excretion (skin)

A

Salt and excess water can be released through the skin

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7
Q

Explain shock absorption (skin)

A

The skin and its layers a Fat help protect the underlying organs for minor impacts and pressure

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8
Q

Epidermis

A

Outermost layer
Composed of dead skin cells
Does not contain blood vesssls or nerves

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9
Q

Dermis

A

2nd layer
Rich with blood vessels
Nerves
Sweat glands
Hair follicles
Nerve endings associated with touch (hot cold heat and pain)

Once the dermos is opened contamination and infection become major problems

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10
Q

Subcutaneous layer

A

Layers of fat and soft tissue
Shock absorption and insulation are major functions


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11
Q

Types of closed wounds

A

Contusions
Hematoma
Crush injury
Primary blast injury

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12
Q

A contusion

A

A bruise
Epidermis remains intact
Cells and blood vessels are damaged
Variable amount of internal bleeding
Pain swelling and discolouration at wound site ..which can occur suddenly or up to as long as 48 hrs

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13
Q

What is swelling?

A

Collection of blood under the skin and inflammation through fluid

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14
Q

What is inflammation?

A

Inflammation helps cushion the injury and dilutes toxins

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15
Q

What is a hematoma?

A

Blood collects at site of injury
Larger amount of tissue damage
Damage to larger vessels
More severe internal bleeding
Larger volume of blood beneath the skin (up to 1L)

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16
Q

Closed crush injury

A

Internal organs that have been crushed or ruptured causing internal bleeding
Bleed severely and cause shock
Contents of hollow organs (food or urine) can leak in to body cavities cause severe inflammation and tissue damage

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17
Q

Crush injury

A

Caused from force
Bones can be broken
Muscle nerve tissue damage
Internal bleeding

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18
Q

Sign….swelling or deformity at site of the bruise

A

Possible underlying fracture

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19
Q

Bruise on the head or neck

A

Possible cervical spine or brain injury
Injury to major blood vessels in neck
Search for blood in mouth nose ears

20
Q

Bruise on trunk or signs of damage to ribs or sternum

A

Possible chest injury
Are the coughing red frothy sputum?
Possible punctured lung, assess for difficulty breathing
Listen for unequal air entry unusual breath sounds

21
Q

Bruise on abdomen

A

Possible injury to underlying organs such as spleen liver or kidneys

22
Q

What is an Abrasion?

A

Simple scrapes and scratches
Outer layer of skin is damaged
Can range in severity
Skinned elbows and knees
Road rash
Rug burn
Brush burn
Light bleeding
Plasma ooze
Painful
Infection opportunity is great

23
Q

What is a laceration?

A

A cut
Smooth or jagged
Caused by object with sharp edge, razor, glass, metal
If significant blood vessels have been torn bleeding will be considerable

24
Q

What is a puncture/penetrating wound?

A

Penetration of the skin
Bullets, nails, ice picks, knives
No severe bleeding but internal bleeding may be profuse
Can be devastating
Always consider it a serious injury
Contamination and infection rate is high
Exit wound may be more serious that entrance wound

25
Q

Perforating puncture wound

A

Has both an entrance and exit wound

26
Q

What is an avulsion?

A

Tearing away or tearing off of a piece or flap of skin

27
Q

What is an amputation?

A

The surgical removal or traumatic severing of a body part.
Usually am extremity

28
Q

What’s a superficial burn?

A

Outer layer of the skin
Reddening and perhaps swelling
*sunburn
*first degree burn

29
Q

What is a partial thickness burn?

A

First layer (epidermis) burned through and dermis is damaged
Reddening
Blister
Mottled appearance
Second degree burn

30
Q

What is a Full thickness burn?

A

All 3 layers are damaged
Charred black areas blisters reddening and white dry areas
Third degree burn

31
Q

Penetrating trauma

A

Don’t pull it out
Stabilize and bandage

32
Q

Eviceration

A

Organ outside the body
AlS for pain management fluid management

33
Q

Eye penetration

A

Cover both eyes with bandage as they mice together

34
Q

What is epitaxis?

A

Nose bleed
Lean forward clamp nose 5 min
Kids..suck on popsicle ice cube

35
Q

1st degree burn

A

Sunburn
Superficial
No blistering

36
Q

2nd degree burns

A

Epidermis and dermis burn
Blisters

37
Q

3rd degree burn

A

Right to the muscle
Black charred

38
Q

How to detect airway burns?

A

Singed nasal hairs
Facial burns
Burned flecks off carbon in sputum
Sooty smoky breath
Resp distress

Immediate life threat!!!
Keep airway open
Ventilate

39
Q

Treating electrical burns

A

Safety!
C spine
ALS
ABC’s
Dress wounds
Entry and exit wound?
Internal organ damage?
Cardiac arrest?

40
Q

Chemical burns

A

Brush dry Chem off
Remove clothing
Flush water 20min

41
Q

Genital injuries

A

Very vascular
Lots of bleeding
High anxiety

42
Q

Rules of 9 adult

A

Head & neck 9

Front
Upper chest 9
Lower abdomen 9
Pelvic 1
Each arm 4.5
Each leg 9

Back
Upper 9
Lower 9
Each arm 4.5
Each leg 9

43
Q

Child rule of 9

A

Head and neck 18
Torso 18
Pelvic 1
Arms 4.5 front and 4.5 back
Legs 7 front and 7 back

44
Q

Infant rule of 9

A

Head 18
Arms 18 (9&9).
Legs 14 (7&7).
Pelvic 1

45
Q

Rule of palm

A

Pt own hand 1% when trying to count burn coverage on their body

46
Q

When do we need burn center?

A

2nd degree greater than 10%
Burns involving face , genitalia, hands, feet, major joints
3rd degree burns
Electrical burns
Inhalation burns

Section 3 (14 decks)

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